THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OE  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


>^Ffe 

<T$ 

3?-&<U 


».  0.  BAKER 

LAWIEP 

DALLAS, 


MANUAL 


GEO.  E.  DOUGHERTY,  Author. 


Price  $1.50. 


THE  PEOPLE'S  COLLEGE, 
Fort  Scott,  Kansas 


Copyrighted  1913 
By  GEO.  E.  DOUGHERTY 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


ABOUT  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

There  are  systems  and  systems  of  Shorthand.     There 

are  also  "standard"  systems  —  standard  for  the  same  reason 

that  locomotion  by  horse  power  is  "standard"  —  because  they 

have  been  used  for  years  and  years.    But  as  steam  and  elec- 

tricity are  superseding  horse  power,  so  surely  are  improved 

methods  of  Shorthand  superseding  these  "standard,"  but  be- 

hind-the-times    systems.       Of     late    years     a    number    of 

systems    intended    to    meet    the    popular    demand     have 

been    invented.      Some   of    them    have   excellent    features, 

£2    but  most  of  them  retain  the  most  objectionable  feature  of 

^    the  old  methods,  (the  use  of  certain  positions  above,  on,  and 

>_     below  the  line  to  make  distinctions  between  words  which 

ig     would  otherwise  be  written  exactly  alike,  the  vowels  being 

|g     all  omitted  in  rapid  writing).    Others  fail  to  make  sufficient 

^j     difference  between  the  various  vowel  signs  to   afford   the 

greatest  degree  of  legibility. 

i?  Shorthand  Essentials. 

As  Shorthand  is  used  for  the  reproduction  of  speech 

5  it  is  evident  that  the  chief  requisites  are  legibility  and 
speed.  We  place  legibility  first.  Speed  is  necessary,  be- 
cause without  it  the  record  cannot  well  be  made;  but  legi- 
bility  is  of  much  greater  importance,  because  a  record 
which  cannot  be  read  is  worthless.  Besides,  legibility  is 

zi  a  very  important  element  in  speed,  for  the  reason  that  it 
gives  to  the  writer  a  confidence  which  must  necessarily 
add  greatly  to  the  ease  of  writing. 

As  to  Legibility. 

To  secure  the  greatest  degree  of  legibility  it  is  nec- 
essary that  the  vowels,  which  are  the  most  important  sounds 
of  words,  be  actually  written,  in  their  regular  order  in 
words.  In  the  old  methods  they  are  necessarily  omitted 
in  rapid  writing,  because  the  only  way  in  which  they  can 
be  written  at  all  is  by  means  of  disconnected  dots  and 


448598 


4  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

dashes  (light  and  heavy),  which  must  be  placed  in  cer- 
tain positions  alongside  the  consonant  strokes  after  all 
the  consonants  have  been  written;  and  it  is  utterly  im- 
possible to  write  them  in  this  way  rapidly  enough  for 
practical  use. 

As  a  result  of  the  omission  of  the  vowels  a  number 
of  words  have  exactly  the  same  consonant  outline.  In 
order  to  prevent  confusion,  some  of  these  outlines  are 
written  above  the  line,  others  on  the  line,  and  certain 
others  below  the  line.  This  is  called  "position  writing," 
the  three  positions  corresponding  with  those  which  the 
dots  and  dashes  would  occupy  if  written  beside  the  con- 
sonant strokes.  As  a  further  precaution,  there  are  sev- 
eral different  ways  of  writing  certain  consonants,  each  to 
be  used  in  certain  words.  This  is  an  arbitrary  device,  ne- 
cessitating much  memorizing  of  outlines. 

As  to  the  importance  of  the  vowels,  we  can  quote  many 
leading  writers  and  authors,  even  of  those  systems  which 
omit  the  vowels. 

What  Writers  of  Other  Systems  Say. 

Jerome  B.  Howard,  one  of  the  authors  of  the  Benn 
Pitman  System  text-books,  in  an  address  to  commercial 
teachers,  said:  "Position  writing  *  *  *  is  a  compen- 
sating device  for  restoring  legibility  lost  through  the  omis- 
sion of  the  vowels. 

It  only  partially  restores  this  lost  legibility,  however, 
because  it  frequently  happens  that  several  words  in  the 
same  position,  written  exactly  alike,  make  equally  good 
sense  in  the  same  place.  Besides,  it  often  requires  so  much 
mental  effort  to  determine  the  proper  position,  that  one 
frequently  writes  an  outline  in  the  wrong  position,  and  the 
legibility  is  not  at  all  restored. 

Why  Write  the  Vowels. 

Isaac  S.  Dement,  author  of  Dement's  Pitmanic  Short- 
hand, who  had  the  reputation  of  being  the  most  rapid 
Shorthand  writer  in  the  world,  is  quoted  as  saying: 

"Vowels   constitute   an    important   part    of   Shorthand. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND  5 

I  have  seen  the  time  when  I  would  have  given  the  price 
of  the  transcript  for  a  single  vowel." 

In  his  text-book  he  urges  students  to  write  the  vowels 
as  far  as  they  possibly  can,  saying,  "Do  not  drop  the  vowels 
too  soon.  They  are  your  best  friends." 

As  further  indication  of  Mr.  Dement's  estimate  of  the 
vowels  it  may  be  said  that,  according  to  his  own  published 
statement,  only  "business  reasons"  deterred  him  from  is- 
suing a  connective-vowel  system,  which  he  had  ready  at 
that  time,  and  which  he  has  since  published. 

The  late  David  Wolfe  Brown,  reporter  in  Congress  and 
a  Pitmanic  writer,  wrote  an  excellent  book  entitled  "Fac- 
tors of  Shorthand  Speed,"  which  is  intended  for  the  practi- 
cal stenographer  as  much  as  for  the  learner.  In  this  book 
he  urges  the  writing  of  vowels  even  to  the  extent  of  neglect- 
ing the  consonant  outlines,  for,  he  says: 

"When  a  word,  because  unfamiliar,  is  indistinctly  un- 
derstood, the  vowels  are  generally  more  clearly  heard  than 
the  consonants;  and  though  the  consonant  outlines!  may 
be  incorrect,  a  clearly  expressed  vowel  may  be  so  won- 
derfully suggestive  as  to  settle  beyond  a  doubt  the  word 
intended." 

It  is  quite  noticeable  that  expert  Pitmanic  writers,  in 
making  suggestions  to  stenographers,  advise  them  to  utilize 
their  spare  moments  during  dictation  by  going  back  and 
inserting  as  many  vowels  as  possible,  especially  in  unfa- 
miliar words. 

Writers  Are  Agreed. 

&o  you  will  see  that  all  Shorthand  writers  are  agreed 
upon  the  importance  of  the  vowels  and  the  desirability  of 
having  them  written  where  they  belong  in  words;  and  the 
advantage  of  writing  them  thus,  as  the  rule,  instead  of  the 
exception,  must  be  plain  to  every  one,  for  while  taking  the 
dictation,  it  is  not  likely  to  occur  to  the  writer  that  he 
may  afterwards  have  trouble  in  reading  a  word  which,  at 
the  time  of  writing  it,  is  perfectly  clear. 

The  only  difference  of  opinion  on  this  point  among 
Shorthand  writers  is  that  some  claim  it  to  be  merely  the 
ideal  way,  impossible  of  attainment. 


6  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

Should  be  Written  in  the  Words. 

The  advantage  of  writing  the  vowels  where  they  be- 
long in  words — the  natural  way — is  generally  admitted 
by  expert  writers  of  the  old  systems.  Jerome  B.  Howard 
said,  in  connection  with  the  statement  I  have  quoted: 

"If  it  were  possible  to  write  the  vowels  where  they 
belong  in  words  rapidly  enough  for  practical  work,  position 
writing  would  not  be  used." 

Mr.  Howard  probably  intended  to  prove  the  impracti- 
cability of  the  natural  method  by  the  fact  that  so  many 
people  still  adhere  to  position  writing.  This  fact,  however, 
no  more  proves  such  a  claim  than  does  the  fact  that  people 
continue  to  patronize  a  swindler  prove  that  he  is  no 
swindler. 

But  the  gist  of  his  statement  is  a  remarkably  strong 
admission  as  to  the  importance  of  the  vowels  and  the  ad- 
vantage of  writing  them  naturally  where  they  belong  in 
words,  when  he  says  that  the  advantage  is  so  great  that 
one  needs  only  to  be  convinced  of  its  feasibility  to  cause 
him  to  abandon  position  writing  and  adopt  the  connective- 
vowel  method. 

It  is  not  difficult  to  show  the  practicability  of  the  nat- 
ural method.  A  comparison  of  our  Shorthand  outlines  with 
the  briefest  Pitmanic  outlines  will  show  that  our  outlines, 
including  the  vowels,  are  as  brief,  on  an  average,  as  the 
others,  in  which  the  vowels  are  all  omitted,  although  we 
have  written  fully  twice  as  many  sounds. 

Dougherty's  Shorthand  has  achieved  what  some  claim 
to  be  merely  the  ideal.  By  this  method  the  vowels  are 
written  as  the  rnle,  in  their  regular  order  in  words,  with- 
out raising  the  pencil.  This  is  the  natural,  simple  method, 
and  accurately  readable  outlines  are  the  result. 

As  to  Speed, 

Shorthand  writing  is  chiefly  a  mental  process:  hence 
the  great  requisite  for  speed  is  the  minimum  amount  of 
mental  effort  required  in  the  act  of  writing.  To  secure  this 
we  must  have  the  greatest  possible  decree  of  simplicity. 
This  is  conceded  by  all  the  lor.rlins;  writer?  and  authors. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.  7 

Isaac  S.  Dement,  in  a  personal  letter  to  Mr.  Dougherty, 
reiterates  his  previous  statements  in  regard  to  Shorthand 
speed. 

"It  does  not  come  from,  but  is  retarded  by  a  multiplic- 
ity of  arbitrary  forms.  So  long  as  we  work  from  principle 
with  which  we  are  entirely  familiar,  the  mind  works  quickly 
and  with  as  much  accuracy  as  our  mastery  of  the  princi- 
ples permits;  but  when  seeking  arbitrary  the  mind  must 
search  for  a  particular  symbol." 

Search  implies  effort. 

In  the  preface  to  his  text-book  Mr.  Dement  says  that 
he  discarded  thousands  of  the  arbitrary  signs  which  are 
ordinarily  used  in  the  Pitmanic  Systems,  and  that,  his 
mind  being  thus  freed  from  this  burden,  his  speed  was 
increased. 

"It  requires  more  time,"  he  eays,  "for  the  mind  to  call 
up  a  special  picture  of  an  isolated  contraction  than  it  re- 
quires to  apply  familiar  rules." 

The  late  Mr.  C.  H.  Nettels  of  this  City,  who  was  con- 
ceded to  be  one  of  the  most  rapid  Shorthand  writers  in 
the  country,  went  to  even  greater  lengths  in  this  direction 
than  does  Mr.  Dement,  claiming  that,  although  his  outlines 
were  very  much  longer,  he  could  write  them  much  more 
rapidly  because  he  could  think  them  more  easily.  His  idea 
was  that  the  mind  should  be  relieved  by  simplifying  the 
method,  even  though  the  hand  be  compelled  to  do  several 
times  as  much  actual  work. 

Mr.  Nettels  highly  recommended  Dougherty's  Short- 
hand because  it  so  fully  conforms  to  this  idea  and  that, 
too,  without  increasing  the  length  of  outlines. 

Simplicity  Means  Speed. 

Dougherty's  Shorthand  surpasses  all  others  in  point 
of  simplicity. 

This  simplicity  is  secured  by  adhering  to  the  natural, 
rational  method,  which  is  to  reproduce  the  sounds  of  which 
words  are  composed,  in  the  exact  order  in  which  they  are 
pronounced. 

Thus,  we  have  a  sign  of  a  certain  shape  for  each  of 
the  various  sounds  which  compose  ordinary  speech.  These 


8  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

signs,  or  pictures  we  might  call  them,  are  written  one  after 
the  other  in  the  order  in  which  the  corresponding  sounds 
are  pronounced,  and  they  are  written  without  raising  the 
pencil. 

No  thought  of  position  is  necessary,  because  our  out- 
lines mean  precisely  the  same  in  one  position  as  in  another. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  memorize  many  word  forms,  as 
in  most  cases  our  complete  outlines  are  briefer  than  the 
arbitrary,  contracted  word  forms  in  the  old  methods.  Even 
when  the  outlines  are  longer  they  are  more  easily  written, 
because  there  is  much  less  mental  effort  required  in  the  act 
of  writing. 

In  short,  by  using  the  natural  method,  as  indicated,  we 
escape  the  numerous  difficulties  which  are  utterly  unavoid- 
able in  position  writing. 

Simple  and  Brief. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  we  have  secured  the  greatest 
degree  of  simplicity  without  increasing  the  average  length 
of  outlines.  This  result  has  been  secured  by  a  rearrange- 
ment of  the  material,  using  those  signs  which  afford  the 
best  combinations  and  avoid  angles,  or  make  such  angles 
as  we  are  accustomed  to  making  in  longhand  writing,  using 
as  signs  for  the  most  frequently  occurring  sounds  such 
strokes  as  occur  most  frequently  in  longhand. 

It  is  frequently  the  case  that  from  three  to  six  sounds, 
and  sometimes  even  more,  are  represented  by  a  single  con- 
tinuous stroke.  Yet  excess  of  horizontal  strokes  is  avoided, 
thus  affording  outlines  which  are  not  only  more  easily  writ- 
ten, but  are  also  more  legible. 

Readability  Not  Sacrificed  to  Writability. 

Several  of  the  newer  systems,  such  as  the  Gregg,  have 
too  much  sameness  in  the  direction  of  the  strokes  to  se- 
cure the  greatest  degree  of  legibility  and  rapidity  combined. 

In  our  System  the  strokes,  although  nearly  all  in  a 
rightward  direction,  have  variety  enough  to  afford  more 
legible  outlines,  yet  do  not  retard  the  smoothness  of  the 
movement. 

A    study    of    rapid    longhnnd    writing    will    show    that 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.  9 

angles,  to  a  certain  extent,  are  an  advantage.  Notice,  for 
example,  the  tops  of  a  longhand  letter  "n,"  which  are  gen- 
erally and  more  easily  written  like  the  tops  of  a  "u." 

We  do  not  claim  for  our  method  that  it  is  the  only  feas- 
ible one.  There  are  several  other  connective-vowel  sys- 
tems which  have  attained  unquestioned  success.  Our  meth- 
od, however,  surpasses  others  of  the  same  class  in  simplic- 
ity, in  ease  of  outline,  and  in  legibility. 

As  to  legibility,  for  example,  some  methods  practically 
represent  as  many  as  three  vowel  sou.nds  by  the  same  sign. 
True^  there  is  a  provision  for  indicating  distinctions  by 
means  of  disconnected  dots,  which  must  be  inserted  after 
the  outline  is  completed.  But  such  a  device  is  not  likely 
to  be  used  where  it  is  really  needed,  since  the  writer  is  not 
likely  while  writing  a  word  to  expect  trouble  in  reading 
it  afterwards. 

It  is  just  as  easy  in  the  first  place  to  learn  a  distinct 
sign  for  each  of  the  sounds,  and  it  is  certainly  easier  to 
think  of  the  desired  sign  when  needed  if  each  sound  is 
invariably  represented  in  the  same  way  than  if  its  dis- 
tinctive form  is  used  only  occasionally. 

In  a  Nutshell. 

To  recapitulate:  The  ideal  system  must  be  legible 
and  rapid.  Legibility  is  secured  by  writing  the  vowels. 
Speed  is  secured  chiefly  by  simplicity.  Writing  the  vowels 
as  they  occur  in  words  affords  the  greatest  degree  of  sim- 
plicity. Hence,  writing  the  vowels  connectedly  insures 
both  legibility  and  speed. 

How  Speed  is  Secured. 

With  longhand  a  speed  of  fifty  words  a  minute  is  often 
acquired;  twenty-five  words  a  minute  is  only  ordinary  speed. 
Four  times  the  latter  speed  is  ample  for  nearly  all  ordi- 
nary Shorthand  work,  and  indeed,  it  is  seldom  that  e^ight 
times  this  speed  is  needed  in  most  rapid  verbatim  reporting. 

In  longhand  each  character  requires  from  three  to 
seven  strokes.  In  Dougherty's  Shorthand,  each  letter  is 
written  with  one  stroke.  This  alone  would  insure  out- 


10      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

lines  five  times  as  brief  as  longhand  outlines,  even  were 
all  silent  letters  used,  as  they  are  in  longhand. 

But  in  Shorthand  only  the  actual  sounds  are  written, 
and  the  silent  letters  are  all  dropped  out.  This  still  fur- 
ther reduces  the  length  of  outlines. 

Our  Shorthand  outlines,  using  only  the  alphabet,  would 
be  more  than  fives  times  as  brief  as  longhand.  The  other 
principles  of  the  system  are  used  for  the  purpose  of  securing 
a  still  greater  degree  of  brevity  of  outline,  so  that  our  or* 
dinary  Shorthand  outlines  are  more  than  ten  times  as  brief 
on  an  average,  as  the  corresponding  longhand  outlines. 
Hence  if  one  be  as  thoroughly  familiar  with  the  Shorthand 
as  he  is  with  longhand  he  will  surely  be  able  to  write  with 
verbatim  speed. 

The  practicability  of  our  method  is  also  proven  by  the 
work  of  its  writers.  Many  have  been  eminently  successful 
with  this  method  who  utterly  failed  with  the  old  methods, 
which  are  really  practicable  only  for  persons  who  possess 
excellent  memories,  who  are  exceptionally  quick  thinkers, 
and  who  have  an  extended  knowledge  of  language. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.       11 


Suggestions  to  Students. 

(a)  While    learning    Shorthand    or    Typewriting,    do    not 
entertain   a  thought  of  speed.     Lose   sight   of   everything  but 
accuracy.     Do   not  be   influenced  by  what   others   say   to   you 
about  speed.     Many  a  person,  because   of  his  anxiety  to   get 
"speed,"  forms  habits  of  carelessness  in  writing,  which  greatly 
handicap  him  in  future  work.     Too  much  emphasis  cannot  be 
placed  upon  the  importance  of  absolute  accuracy  while  learning 
to  write.     Do  not  think  of  speed.     It  will  surely  come  if  you 
do  enough  of  careful,  accurate  practice,  and  the  speed  attained 
in  this  way  will  not  be  at  the  expense  of  legibility,  as  is  so 
often  the  case  otherwise.     Bemember,  speed  in  writing  without 
ability  to  read  what  you  write  is  worth  nothing. 

(b)  Learn  to  absolutely  concentrate  your  attention  upon 
your  work.    This  is  one  of  the  essentials  to  efficient  service  even 
in  actual  work,  and  is  all  the  more  necessary  in  learning  Short- 
hand  or  Typewriting.     It   is  utterly  impossible   to   secure   the 
best  results  while  your  attention  is  divided. 

(c)  Train  yourself  to  hear  what  is  said,  and  to  remember 
what  you   hear.     In   ordinary  conversation   we   catch   the   drift 
of  what  is  said  and  are  satisfied,  and  so  get  into  the  habit  of 
only  half  hearing.    But  it  is  necessary  to  actually  hear  in  order 
to  reproduce  what  is  heard,  and  it  is  desirable  in  reporting  to 
be  able  to  remember  as  many  words  as  possible.     Practice  in 
these  lines  by  mentally  repeating  after  a  speaker  all  he  says, 
beginning  with  a  few  words  at  a  time  and  gradually  increasing 
the  number.     The  ability  to  carry  in  mind  twenty-five  or  thirty 
words  while  listening  to  the  speaker  and  writing  at  the  same 
time,  will  wonderfully  increase  your  Shorthand  speed  by  giving 
you  such  confidence  that  you  will  not  easily  become  confused, 
and   also  by  enabling  you  to  catch  up  with  the  speaker  during 
pauses,  when  he  gets  ahead   of  you.     As  additional  help  in   this 
direction,   in    your    writing   practice,    read    as    many   words    as 
you   can    remember    and   then   write    them,    instead    of    reading 
onh-   t\vo   or   three   words   ;it   a   time.      Tf   von   have   some   one   to 


12      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

dictate  to  you  while  practicing,  have  him  read  in  the  same 
way;  instead  of  reading  slowly  and  continuously,  have  him 
read  more  rapidly  and  make  longer  pauses  where  the  punctti.i- 
tion  marks  are. 

(d)  Ease  of  writing  depends  much  upon  the  writing  ma- 
terials— the  kind  of  paper  as  well  as  pencil — and  it  is  as  great 
a  help  to  the  beginner  as  it  is  to  the  professional  stenographer 
to  have  the  right  materials.    There  is  no  economy  in  using  poor 
pencils  and  poor  paper,  merely  because  they  are  cheap.     The 
pencil  should  glide  over  the  paper  easily,  yet  with  enough  fric- 
tion to  leave  a  good  mark  without  much  pressure.     The  lead 
should  be  tough   and  uniform  in   quality,  yet   soft  enough  to 
make  a  good  mark.     For  pencil  work,  the  paper  should  not  be 
too   smooth.     It   may   be   necessary   to   do   some   experimenting 
before  the  right  combination  of  pencil  and  paper  is  secured. 

(e)  Ink  notes  are  better  than  pencil  notes  for  preserva- 
tion,  but   if  a   pen   is   used,   it   must   be    one    that    will   move 
smoothly   over   the  paper,   and   the   paper  must    have    a    hard, 
smooth  surface.    It  will  not  do  for  the  pen  to  catch  in  the  paper 
or  to  gather  fuzzy  fibers   to  make   lines   where   they  are   not 
wanted. 

(f)  Do  not   sharpen   the  pencil   to  a  point.     Cut   off  the 
wood,  leaving  the  lead  intact.     You  can  make  just  as  fine  lines 
with  this  kind  of  point  as  with  a  sharp  point  if  you  will  occa- 
sionally turn  the  pencil  to  get  a  new  edge.     The  advantages  of 
this  plan  are  several:    The  pencil  will  last  very  much  longer; 
the  point  is  not  nearly  so  apt  to  break  off;  it  is  much  easier 
to  shade  with  such  a  point  than  with  a  sharp  point;  much  L'ss 
frequent  sharpening  is  required;  it  avoids  soiling  one's  fingers 
in  sharpening. 

(g)  If   you  are   in  the   habit   of  pressing  heavily   on   the 
pencil  while  writing,  break  yourself  of  it.    You  will  write  much 
more   easily  by  holding  the  pencil  lightly. 

(h)     Avoid   putting   the    pencil    in    your    mouth.      It    is    a 
waste  of  time  and  spoils  the  lead. 

(i)     While  learning  to  write,  use  ruled  paper  as  an  aid  in 
making  the  strokes  the  right  proportionate  size  and  shape.     In 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.       13 

actual  work,  however,  Dougherty's  Shorthand  does  not  require 
lines  to  write  on,  any  more  than  does  longhand. 

We  have  practice  paper  for  learners,  specially  ruled  in 
squares  like  the  dotted  lines  on  page  18,  which  is  of  great 
advantage  in  learning  to  write  the  characters  correctly.  This 
paper  will  be  sent  postpaid  in  quantities  as  small  as  twenty- 
five  cents'  worth. 

(j)  It  is  desirable  to  write  small  outlines.  Small  notes, 
closely  written,  afford  much  greater  speed  than  too  large,  scat- 
tered notes.  As  a  help  in  this  direction,  write  on  narrow  pages 
or  in  narrow  columns.  The  writing,  too,  will  be  done  more 
easily  in  this  way,  as  the  hand  will  remain  more  nearly  in 
the  same  position  than  in  writing  across  a  wide  page. 

(k)  Carefully  avoid  the  habit  of  raising  the  pencil  in 
the  middle  of  words,  and  do  not  hesitate  between  strokes  which 
are  joined  without  angles,  but  write  them  with  a  continuous 
motion  of  the  pencil.  Even  where  there  are  angles,  pause  no 
longer  than  is  necessary;  and,  while  learning,  if  compelled  to 
hesitate  in  the  middle  of  a  word,  keep  the  pencil  on  the  paper 
until  the  complete  outline  is  formed.  Angles  are  few  in  this 
system  compared  with  other  methods.  The  arrangement  of  the 
signs  is  such  that  often  two  or  more  signs  will  combine  in  a 
continuous  stroke.  In  such  cases,  do  not  hesitate  between  the 
strokes,  as  the  time  lost  in  hesitating  will  probably  be  as  much 
as  that  required  to  write  the  whole  outline.  As  examples  of 
such  combinations  we  might  mention  k-an,  ex-p,  r-t,  d-j,  im-en, 
an-k,  etc. 

(1)  Where  it  is  necessary  to  make  angles,  it  is  easier  to 
make  them  as  sharp  as  possible;  and  they  will  also  be  more 
legible  when  so  written.  Therefore,  vary  the  depth  of  a  curved 
stroke  according  to  ease  of  joining. 

(m)  In  writing,  do  not  try  to  remember  how  you  wrote 
a  word  before.  Learn  instead  to  instantly  recognize  the  sounds 
of  which  words  are  composed,  and  to  as  readily  think  of  the 
characters  for  these  sounds;  in  other  words,  depend  upon  your 
knowledge  of  the  principles  instead  of  memorizing  word  forms. 
The  more  you  depend  upon  the  principles,  the  greater  will  be 
your  speed  in  writing. 


14      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

(n)  As  a  learner,  shun  the  use  of  an  eraser.  Do  not  form 
the  habit  of  depending  upon  correcting  your  mistakes.  Do  not 
patch  up  your  work,  but  do  it  over  and  over  until  you  have 
done  it  correctly.  This  applies  to  both  Shorthand  and  Type- 
writing. If  you  have  written  a  Shorthand  outline  incorrectly, 
cancel  it  with  the  pencil  and  rewrite  it.  Do  not  take  the  time 
to  erase  it,  and  never  patch,  up  an  outline.  Do  not  get  the 
idea,  as  a  beginner,  that  your  notebooks  are  to  be  picture 
books,  in  which  every  line  must  be  carefully  drawn,  and  that 
it  is  a  disgrace  to  have  a  page  show  canceled  notes.  It  is 
essential,  in  learning  to  write  Shorthand,  to  overcome  all 
tendency  to  form  "poky"  habits  of  thinking;  and  nothing 
will  help  so  much  to  form  poky  habits  as  to  waste  time  in 
patching  up  outlines. 

(o)  A  knowledge  of  punctuation,  composition  and  gram- 
matical construction  is  essential  to  the  best  stenographic  work. 
Treatises  upon  these  subjects  may  be  found  in  ordinary  school 
books,  and  it  is  not  deemed  necessary  or  advisable  to  attempt 
to  treat  them  in  this  work.  However,  as  a  help  in  acquiring 
a  better  knowledge  of  these  branches,  we  would  suggest  careful 
attention,  in  your  general  reading,  to  the  punctuation,  com- 
position, etc.  Also  read  aloud,  making  the  natural  pauses,  and 
thinking  of  the  punctuation  which  should  be  used  at  such 
pauses.  In  reading  your  Shorthand  notes  (while  learning) 
compel  yourself  to  think  of  the  punctuation  by  definitely  naming 
each  punctuation  mark.  Thus,  read:  "This  (comma)  of 
course  (comma)  is  all  right  (period)." 

(p)  It  is  necessary  to  have  a  good  knowledge  of  language 
and  of  business  terms  and  methods  generally,  in  order  to  be- 
come a  thoroughly  competent  stenographer.  Bead  general 
literature,  magazines  of  the  day,  etc.  Keep  a  notebook  always 
with  you.  In  it  make  memoranda  of  words  you  meet,  with  the 
spelling  or  meaning  of  which  you  are  not  familiar,  and  at  your 
first  opportunity  study  them  up  in  a  dictionary  or  encyclopedia. 

(q)  There  is  great  advantage  in  several  studying  together. 
Different  persons  have  their  special  difficulties  at  different 
points,  and  therefore  they  can  help  one  another.  Then,  too, 
such  study  incites  interest  and  emulation.  If  you  are  taking 
up  the  study  alone,  without  a  teacher,  get  some  of  your  friends 
to  join  you.  You  can  easily  find  several  who  will  do  this. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.       15 

(r)  Learn  to  turn  the  leaves  of  your  notebook  without 
loss  of  time  in  writing.  This  can  be  done  by  holding  the  leaf 
with  the  thumb  and  forefinger  of  the  left  hand,  moving  it  up 
gradually  as  you  write,  and  turning  instantly  when  the  bottom 
of  the  page  is  reached. 

(B)  Some  persons  may  go  farther  than  others  in  the  way 
of  contracting  outlines,  because  of  their  more  extended  knowl- 
edge of  language.  Do  not  adopt  any  outlines  which  make 
your  notes  more  difficult  for  you  to  read.  Legibility  is  the  first 
consideration,  and  with  this  system  it  is  possible  to  make 
Shorthand  writing  fully  as  legible  as  longhand. 

(t)  There  is  great  advantage  in  judicious  phrasing  or 
combining  of  words  in  writing.  The  time  required  to  carry 
the  pencil  through  the  air  from  the  end  of  one  word  to  the 
beginning  of  the  next  word  is  practically  the  same  as  is  neces- 
sary to  write  a  stroke  on  paper.  Phrasing  saves  this  time  and 
effort.  Besides,  more  words  can  be  read  at  a  glance,  when 
they  are  phrased,  because  they  occupy  less  space,  and  this 
often  adds  to  legibility  as  well  as  speed  in  writing.  In 
Dougherty's  Shorthand,  phrasing  is,  with  the  exception  of  a 
few  arbitrary,  but  self-suggestive  phrases,  merely  the  joining 
of  words  without  changing  their  form,  just  as  words  might  be 
combined  in  longhand.  Therefore,  it  is  not  necessary  to  memo- 
rize phrase-signs  as  in  systems  using  position  writing.  But  a 
word  of  caution  may  be  helpful.  Many  students  when  begin- 
ning to  phrase  go  to  such  extremes  that  they  have  difficulty 
in  reading  their  notes,  and  becoming  discouraged,  thereafter 
avoid  phrasing,  thus  losing  the  advantage  resulting  from  judi- 
cious phrasing.  First,  phrase  only  words  that  are  naturally 
grouped  in  speaking.  Thus:  "deprive-me  of -the";  not  "de- 
prive me-of  the";  "tell-me  to-go, "  not  "tell  me-to  go." 
Second,  phrase  only  such  words  as  join  easily  and  keep  close 
to  the  line  of  writing.  Some  cannot  phrase  safely  to  the  extent 
that  others  can,  because  of  limited  knowledge  of  language, 
terms  used,  etc.  Begin  with  a  few  of  the  common  words,  grad- 
ually phrasing  more  and  more,  according  to  your  ability  to  read 
such  combinations.  Avoid  all  phrases  which  do  not  prove 
easy  for  you  to  write  and  read.  Nothing  is  gained  by  phras- 


16      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

ing  when  the  resulting  outline  cannot  be  written  without  hesita- 
tion between  words. 

(u)  Unless  they  wish  to  deviate  from,  their  usual  rule, 
business  men  generally  omit  the  salutation  and  complimentary 
close,  dictating  only  what  they  wish  to  say,  together  with  the 
names  and  addresses  of  the  persons  to  whom  they  are  writing, 
leaving  to  the  stenographer  the  arrangement,  punctuation,  etc. 
Often  they  do  not  dictate  the  full  addresses,  but  leave  that  to 
the  stenographer  to  supply  from  his  own  knowledge,  original 
letters,  etc.  The  stenographer  should,  upon  entering  a  new 
position,  at  once  learn  the  rules  of  the  office  in  these  respects, 
and  also  familiarize  himself  as  quickly  as  possible  with  his 
employer's  vocabulary  and  with  the  names  which  he  is  to  use 
frequently,  especially  the  names  of  cities  and  of  the  regular 
correspondents  of  the  office,  so  that  he  will  ask  the  fewest 
possible  questions.  Most  of  this  information  may  be  obtained 
from  the  correspondence  files  or  letter  copy  books. 

(v)  As  all  the  sounds  are  written  in  Dougherty's  Short- 
hand, proper  names  may  always  be  safely  written,  as  the  Short- 
hand outline  will  represent  exactly  what  is  heard.  Names  with 
which  you  are  familiar  may  always  be  written  in  Shorthand. 
Names  with  which  you  are  not  familiar  should  always  be 
written  in  longhand  the  first  time,  if  the  dictator  spells  them 
out  for  you  at  the  time  of  the  dictation.  But  do  not  interrupt 
him  to  get  the  spelling;  write  the  name  in  Shorthand  and  get 
the  spelling  afterwards.  You  can  write  names  more  readily  in 
Shorthand  than  in  longhand,  and,  not  being  hurried  so  much, 
will  write  them  more  legibly. 

(w)  The  employer  will  depend  upon  the  stenographer  to 
straighten  out  muddled  dictation,  but  the  stenographer  should 
be  sure  he  is  right  before  making  changes,  and  should  make 
them  without  any  display  of  superior  wisdom.  Many  a  suc- 
cessful business  man,  owing  to  lack  of  early  educational  privi- 
leges, is  deficient  in  some  lines  pertaining  to  letter  writing, 
and  he  expects  his  stenographer  to  make  up  for  these  defects. 
When  he  finds  one  who  can  be  depended  upon  to  do  this,  he 
in  willing  to  pay  him  a  good  salary  in  order  to  keep  him. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.       17 

Therefore,  the  stenographer  should  acquire  the  ability  to  write 
a  good  letter. 

(x)  There  is  great  advantage  in  reading  others'  notes. 
It  gives  one  even  greater  familiarity  with  Shorthand  to  read 
the  notes  of  various  other  writers  than  to  confine  his  reading 
to  his  own  writing,  and  he  will  read  his  own  notes  more  readily 
as  the  result  of  such  practice.  Besides,  it  may  be  worth  some- 
thing to  him  sometime  to  be  able  to  read  readily  the  writing 
of  others.  Exchange  books  frequently  with  fellow  students 
and  read  much  from  their  notes.  Also  correspond  with  persons 
as  far  along  with  the  study  as  you  are.  If  possible,  read  actual 
work  of  writers  of  the  system.  One  reason  for  the  remarkable 
success  of  our  correspondence  students  lies  in  the  fact  that 
they  are  compelled  to  read  Shorthand  notes  written  by  the 
teacher  and  others,  and  to  read  them  entirely  by  the  principle 
without  the  aid  of  memory. 

(y)  Write  all  notes  for  reference  in  Shorthand.  Once 
form  the  habit  of  doing  this  and  it  will  enable  you  to  save 
much  that  you  would  otherwise  lose  and  to  make  memoranda 
in  so  much  less  space  and  so  much  more  quickly.  Do  all  the 
composing  you  can  in  Shorthand.  This  is  splendid  mental  drill 
for  Shorthand  work,  as  it  will  give  you  confidence  in  writing 
and  familiarity  with  your  notes.  It  will  also  help  to  overcome 
the  tendency  to  be  a  mere  machine,  simply  reproducing  what 
you  hear  instead  of  following  the  meaning  intended  to  be 
conveyed  oy  the  dictator.  The  ability  to  do  the  latter  is 
worth  much  to  a  stenographer,  and  nothing  will  help  so  much 
to  give  you  this  ability  as  practice  in  putting  your  thoughts 
into  Shorthand  while  you  think  them.  You  will  be  surprised, 
too,  to  see  how  much  use  you  can  make  of  Shorthand  in  this 
way. 

(z)  Put  yourself  in  your  employer's  place,  be  thoughtful 
of  his  interests.  Save  him  a  penny  wherever  and  whenever 
you  can.  Save  him  a  minute  of  time  wherever  and  however  you 
can.  Save  him  all  the  bother  and  anxiety  you  can.  Do  this 
because  it  is  right — because  you  owe  it  to  your  employer.  But 
merely  from  the  standpoint  of  policy,  the  same  advice  would  be 
given.  Carelessness  in  little  things  has  lost  many  a  one  his 
position. 


UP  STROKES 

uri?(eon?J  JV  anfiransj  T*  /?   Th     ime 
r  ^    ^  X  ^    ^      i 

DOWN  vSTROKES 


P  ^    J  L  in  ^  Jen 

G  JMT  £>          i     £  '  &  IS 

/    \    \        /    %  I  ^ 

HORIZONTA.LS 


D     J     moo}  WA     CA    TAr    fffl 

s-\         v         —  -1.  £/  ' 

CIRCLES 

c?  £?  O  dW  O 

•  o  O  O  O 

HALF  CIRCLES 

^T  ^t  ^"i    jf         . 

f\  w  C  ) 

ABOVE-THE-LINE  SIONS 

Pro  '      Con       Col         Cor 
^eseGk&ecSJzfiess&ow  Me frojyoz^iofiak  sizes  of  $e  signs 

^F'^.  !^^:i^:l^f^i:bf?7.[  ^.T^^v^^^'h'.ii'/J.y^.NI'y-^i  .>:>;<i 

.'  .'.:'.:  •.  '.'.•"•.  •.  '.•-•.  :.•!•'. ':  ;.'.•!  •.'..'.'.•. I  j  .•'.'. ';'.'/-  •  • .":  _  .•".":"•.":.•.•  "•'."•.":  ."  .'•'.•.":".•.":"•/.' ."I  :."i. •'."•! 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.  19 


INTRODUCTORY  LESSON. 

Shorthand  is  a  method  of  recording  speech. 

The  phonograph  makes  a  record  of  speech  for  the  ear, 

Ordinary  longhand  and  print  make  a  record  of  speech 
for  the  eye. 

Shorthand,  like  long-hand  and  print,  makes  a  record 
of  speech  for  the  eye. 

To  make  a  record  for  the  eye  we  must  have  pictures 
(or  signs)  for  the  sounds  which  are  combined  to  make 
up  words. 

Thus,  in  the  word  "cat"  we  have  three  sound  pic- 
tures or  signs — because  we  have  three  sounds  in  the 
word. 

cat 

In  this  word,  as  in  most  others,  each  soundsign  is  a 
single  letter.  But  the  number  of  letters  does  not  by 
any  means  determine  the  number  of  soundsigns  in  a 
word,  for  in  very  many  words  several  letters  are  used 
to  form  one  soundsign.  Thus,  in  the  word  "though" 
there  are  six  letters,  yet  there  are  only  two  sound- 
signs — 


th  ough 


because  there  are  only  two  sounds  in  the  word,  and  we 
have  soundsigns  only  for  the  actual  sounds.  The  two 
letters  "th,"  in  this  case,  form  one  soundsign,  and  the 
four  letters  "ough"  form  another  soundsign. 


20      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

Keep  in  mind,  then,  that  in  ordinary  longhand  or 
print  the  various  sounds  of  language  are  represented 
by  soundsigns. 

And  the  same  is  equally  true  of  this  Shorthand. 

In  longhand  and  print,  however,  the  same  sound  is 
not  always  represented  by  the  same  sign.  Thus,  in  the 
word  "beau"  we  have  two  soundsigns — 


b  eau 


In  this  ease  the  "eau"  is  a  soundsign  for  exactly  the 
same  sound  as  that  represented  by  "ough"  in  the  word 
"though." 

In  the  word  "door"  there  are  three  soundsigns — 


d  oo   r 


In  this  ease  the  soundsign  "oo"  is  used  to  represent  ex- 
actly the  same  sound  as  was  represented  by  "ough" 
in  "though"  and  "eau"  in  "beau." 

In  the  word  "oar"  there  are  two  soundsigns — 

oa  r 

The  first  of  these  two  signs  represents  exactly  the  same 
sound  as  is  represented  by  the  soundsigns  "ough"  in 
"though,"  "eau"  in  "beau"  and  "oo"  in  door." 

This  shorthand  is  simpler  than  longhand  in  that  it 
uses  the  same  soundsigns  always  for  the  same  sounds. 
as  will  be  seen  in  the  following  examples : 

(You  will  readily  see  that  each  of  the  words  is  pre- 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND,       21 

cisely  the   same  in  the   three   forms   except  that  the 
soundsigns  are  of  different  shapes  in  the  various  forms.) 

o  de        *    ode 
th  ough  =  though      ^ 

<s  (/  O 

"f  =        O         b  ow  r   a    bowl 

b  eau      =   beau          JL,~*.  / 

p  A  *>•  vu>-  A,    = 

fr  JbGUUS       sss    sfatOUUU  I       -^          I 

°        *     d  f  oe        =±    ^foe 

d  oo  r     =  door  S 

s        .          ,  /r 

>&j  iyry  As    «=  x5L^o^/  ~\ 


**  o  s    -    sff  pole      »     pole 

oa   r        ^     oar 


(Only  the  actual  sounds  are  represented  in  Short- 
hand.) 

In  the  following  exercise  the  words  are  separated 
into  their  soundsigns.  Study  these  carefully,  pronounc- 
ing them  until  you  readily  recognize  each  letter,  or 
group  of  letters,  as  it  stands  by  itself,  as  a  sign  for 
one  sound: 


b 

oa 

t 

P 

i 

le 

m 

a 

te 

f 

ee 

1 

r 

0 

se 

P 

i 

11 

K 

e 

m 

f 

e 

11 

f 

u 

se 

f 

i 

t 

c 

a 

11 

k 

ee 

P 

t 

00 

1 

d 

i 

P 

e 

gg 

kn 

ee 

1 

00 

se 

r 

0 

be 

e 

bb 

f 

e 

d 

r 

u 

de 

P 

ea 

1 

c 

u 

t 

P 

i 

t 

K 

a 

te 

w 

i 

de 

1 

a 

te 

d 

a 

te 

m 

a 

de 

r 

0 

b 

m 

a 

sh 

d 

ea 

1 

f 

a 

d 

m 

a 

t 

d 

i 

ne 

w 

i 

sh 

22      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

1     oa  n  p     ie     ce        b     ea     eh  v     a     11     ey 

h     aii  1  ch    ew  r     ou    t  c     augh     t 

S     au    1  ch     oo     se     y     o     ke  f     ough     t 

c    u  te  f     ee     d  v     a    le  f    ie     n     d 

s    ui  t  a     che  wh     at  ph     y    s    i     c 

cz     ar  kn     o     t  rinds     ough     t 

s     ea  t  gn    a     t  f     i     n     d  wr     ough     t 

s     ie  ge  1     ieu  sh     ou     Id  wr     e     ck 

f     ew  b     uoy  w     eigh  t  m     o     s     que 

f     eu  d  j     oi     n  la     tch  phth    i    s    i    s 

wh     y  gh     o     s  t  p     a     teh  d  i  a  1  o  gue 

w     a  de  s    t    u    ff    sh     a    pe  g    o     ph     er 

w     a  Ik  th     ey  ph     a     se  r  e  p  r  ie  ve 

r     ea  ch  b     ui     1  d    t     ou     gh  w    eigh    t    ed 

Copy  the  following  list  of  words,  separating  them 
into  their  soundsigns,  as  we  did  with  the  preceding 
list,  and  submit  for  correction  and  suggestions: 

cheat  liege  life  chip 

wide  talk  wrap  called 

fill  wise  cap  sneeze 

neat  knead  due  army 

wheat  prey  yoke  cute 

Amy  cat  caught  wrinkle 

cut  kit  feel  rough 

peach  bead  real  phantom 

tack  back  pew  phthisic 

chill  ties  cape  pneumonia 

knee  gnu  what  cough 

which  tray  yes  gnash 

Kate  cot  cost  knack 

kite  fell  file  gnaw 

Like  what  one  soundsign  is  the  sound  of  "gh"  in 
"rough"?  "ph"  in  "Ralph"?  "phth"  in  "phthisic"? 
"gn"  in  "gnaw"?  "pn"  in  "pneumatic"?  "gh"  in 
"ghost"?  "ough"  in  "dough"?  "ough"  in  "fought"? 

Do  no  writing  of  shorthand  till  you  take  up  the  next 
lesson. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  I. 

From  the  Introductory  Lesson  you  have  learned  that 
there  is  a  soundsign  for  each  sound.  You  have  also 
learned  that,  unlike  longhand  and  print,  Shorthand 
uses  the  same  soundsigns  for  the  same  sounds,  regard- 
less of  the  ordinary  spelling  of  words  —  no  matter  how 
many  letters  may  be  used  for  a  sound  in  the  longhand 
or  printed  forms  of  words. 

You  have  also  seen  some  Shorthand  words  and  have 
seen  how  the  Shorthand  soundsigns  are  written  to- 
gether, joined  in  the  easiest  way,  to  form  words. 

To  keep  the  outlines  near  the  base  line,  it  is  neces- 
sary to  write  some  of  the  strokes  up  and  some  down, 
just  as  we  do  in  longhand. 

Eight  of  the  soundsigns  are  always  written  upward, 
—  and  these  are  the  only  signs  that  are  ever  written 
upward. 

If  you  will  first  get  these  up-strokes  thoroughly  in 
mind,  you  will  find  it  easier  to  memorize  the  others. 

The  up-strokes  are  shown  here,  numbered  for  refer- 
ence and  placed  in  dotted  squares  just  to  show  more 
plainly  the  relative  sizes  of  the  signs. 

12  34  S6T8 


Take  a  good  look  at  these  signs,  noting  them  in  the 
order  here  given,  as  indicated  by  the  figures  above  the 
signs. 


24      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

(The  dotted  lines  are  used  merely  to  show  the  rel- 
ative sizes,  slant,  heights,  widths,  etc.  For  convenience 
we  speak  of  heights  and  widths  in  "spaces."  Thus, 
the  first  of  these  signs  is  two  spaces  high  and  three 
spaces  wide.) 

Now,  referring  to  the  above  diagram,  study  the  signs, 
as  you  answer  the  following  questions  about  them: 

How  many  curved  up-strokes? 

How  many  straight  strokes  written  up? 

How  do  the  signs  numbered  1  and  2  differ?  In  what 
respect  are  they  alike? 

How  do  3  and  4  differ?  In  what  respect  are  they 
alike  ? 

What  is  the  difference  between  5  and  6?  Between  7 
and  5 — in  height,  in  width? 

In  what  direction  is  8  written? 

How  many  different  heights  of  strokes? 

How  much  higher  are  1,  3,  5,  than  the  others? 

How  much  wider  is  7  than  6?  than  4?  than  2? 

What  is  the  difference  between  1  and  3?  between 
2  and  4?  between  6  and  4? 

Cover  up  the  diagram  and  answer  the  foregoing 
questions  as  far  as  possible  from  memory. 

Finally,  depending  entirely  upon  memory,  drill  on 
these  until  you  have  formed  a  very  vivid  picture  of 
every  one  of  the  strokes,  in  the  order  in  which  they 
are  shown  above,  noting  the  heights  arid  widths  in 
"spaces.*' 

Now  let  us  learn  what  sounds  these  signs  represent. 

Let  the  foregoing  rest  for  a  moment  while  we  take 
a  good  look  at  this  jingle  (which  is  merely  a  memory 
help,  like  the  familiar  jingle  "Thirty  days  Lath  Sep- 
tember,  April,  June,  and  November,"  etc.)  : 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.  25 


C  ome,    N  an, 

t  ake  R  ay   th  e   d  ime 


Now  cover  up  the  jingle  and  repeat  it  from  memory ; 
; — again ; — again. 

Now  say  it  backwards; — again; — again; — again; — 
again; — again  and  again. 

Get  this  in  mind  so  that  you  can  repeat  it  readily, 
either  forwards  or  backwards. 

Did  you  notice  what  letters  were  underscored  in  each 
word?  If  not,  take  another  good  look  at  the  jingle. 

Now  cover  up  the  jingle  and  tell  me  what  letters  are 
underscored  in  the  word  "come;"  in  the  word  "Nan;" 
in  the  word  "take;"  in  the  word  "Ray;"  in  the  word 
"the;"  in  the  word  "dime" — think  twice  before  an- 
swering. 

How  many  different  letters  or  groups  of  letters  are 
underscored  in  the  whole  jingle?  (Eight — just  as  many 
as  there  are  shorthand  up-strokes.) 

Now,  each  of  these  underscored  letters  or  groups  of 
letters  forms  a  key  to  the  Shorthand  signs  in  the  group 
of  up-strokes. 

The  first  sound  in  the  word  "come"  is  the  sound  rep- 
resented by  the  Shorthand  sign  numbered  1.  (This  is 
tho  same  sound  as  that  represented  by  "R"  in  kite.) 

The  second  group  of  letters  ("ome,"  that  is  "um") 
is  the  same  as  the  second  Shorthand  sign;  etc.,  etc. 

Now  cover  both  the  jingles  and  the  Shorthand)  signs 
and  answer  the  following  questions: 

Signs  1  and  2  make  what  word?  3  and  4?  5  and  4? 
(t-an)  6  and  4?  (r-an)  7  and  4?  7  and  2?  1  and  4?  6  and 
2?  6  and  8?  5  and  8?  3  and  2?  4  and  2?  5,  4  and  1? 
6,  4  and  1?  4  and  5?  1,  6  and  8?  7,  4  and  1?  1,  6,  4 
and  1? 


26  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

WRITING. 

Before  writing  any,  trace  the  signs  on  page  2£  with 
a  dry  pen  or  pointed  stick;  trace  the  eight  signs,  one 
after  the  other,  going  over  the  list  in  this  way  at  least 
one  hundred  times,  'being  sure  to  trace  each  sign  up- 
ward and  think  of  its  sound  each  time  you  trace  the 
sign. 

In  learning  to  write  Shorthand,  use  the  specially 
ruled  paper,  on  which,  you  will  note,  the  spaces  are 
marked  by  the  ruled  lines,  as  they  are  by  the  dotted 
lines  in  the  printed  diagram  of  the  alphabet.  This 
ruled  paper  is  used  only  in  learning;  Dougherty's 
Shorthand  is  as  easily  written  on  unruled  paper  as  is 
longhand. 

Write  the  first  sign  a  few  times ;  (think  of  its  sound 
every  time  you  write  it.) 

Start  this  sign  with  a  straight-upward  stroke;  that 
will  make  it  easier  to  write  it  with  a  good  curve. 
Stop  now  and  compare  with  the  copy. 

Is  each  one  the  right  shape? 

Is  it  the  right  height?  The  right  width?  (How 
many  spaces?)  Is  the  curve  deep  and  uniform? 

If  not,  try  to  improve  it. 

Write  again — ten  times. 

Are  they  all  exactly  the  same  size  and  shape — the 
same  height  ?  The  same  width  ? 

Avoid  the  tendency  to  draw  rather  than  to  write. 

Write  twenty  of  this  same  sign,  as  fast  as  you  can 
write — but  not  carelessly;  make  them  all  as  nearly  the 
right  shape  and  uniform  size  as  you  can  rapidly. 

Do  not  make 
them  like  these: 

But  like  these : 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.       27 

But  keep  in  mind  that  the  important  thing  is  to  learn 
to  write  Shorthand;  —  anyone,  by  taking  his  time  to  it, 
can  draw  the  signs  and  get  them  of  good  shape. 

Spend  much  time  in  practicing  on  this  one  sign  —  it 
will  help  you  in  writing  every  other  sign. 

Take  the  next  sign  —  just  half  as  high. 

Think  of  the  sound  every  time  you  write  the  sign. 

Practice  on  it  exactly  as  you  did  with  the  first  sign, 
watching  very  carefully  to  see  that  you  get  the  strokes 
all  of  uniform  size  and  of  proper  shape. 

Keep  in  mind  that  the  value  of  these  signs  depends 
upon  their  relative  size  —  just  as  in  longhand  the  same 
sign  may  be  either  "e"  or  "1,"  according  to  its  size 
in  proportion  to  the  other  letters. 

Now  write  rapidly,  but  as  accurately  as  possible,  the 
two  signs  together,  thus  : 


Practice  on  these  until  you  can  write  100  a  minute. 
and  make  them  all  of  good  shape  and  uniform  size. 

In  all  of  your  practicing  on  the  soundsigns,  think  of 
the  sound  as  you  write  the  sign,  so  that  you  will  thor- 
oughly associate  the  sounds  with  the  signs;  do  not 
make  the  practicing  merely  a  mechanical  act;  such 
practice  might  give  you  the  ability  to  write  the  signs, 
but  that  is  only  half  of  the  result  desired,  for  it  is  even 
more  important  that  you  learn  to  make  the  signs  so 
they  will  represent  to  the  eye  the  proper  sounds  —  with- 
out the  least  hesitation. 

Take  the  third  sign  alone,  in  the  same  way  as  you 
did  the  first. 

Take  the  fourth  sign  alone,  in  the  same  way  you  did 
the  first. 


28 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


Now  take  the  third  and  fourth  together,  in  the  same 
way  that  you  did  with  the  first  and  second,  thus : 


Take  the  first  four  signs  together,  thus  : 


This  is  a  little  harder  than  one  at  a  time;  but  prac- 
tice on  it  till  it  becomes  easy. 

Watch  the  relative  heights  and  widths  ;  you  are  form- 
ing1 habits  —  get  the  right  habits  in  the  very  start. 
Practice  on  the  first  straight  line  as  you  did  the  others. 

Then  on  the  second  straight  line. 

Then  on  the  third  straight  line;    (be  sure  you  get 
this  the  right  height  and  width). 

Then  the  fourth  straight  line;   (be  sure  to  write  it 
upward). 

Then  the  four  straight  lines  together,  thus: 


Then  the  eight  up-strokes;  (be  sure  to  write  every 
one  upward — every  time)  thus : 


Here  are  a  few  words  as  they  are  ordinarily  written, 
Think  of  the  sound  every  time  you  write  a  sign. 
In  words,  the  soundsigns  are  written -one  after  the 

other,  as  the  corresponding  sounds  are  pronounced  in 

speaking  the  words,  and  are  joined  in  the  easiest  way. 

and  the  same  words  broken  up  into  their  sounds  to 

show  of  what  signs  they  are  composed : 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.  29 

can         (c    an)  thumb         (th     um) 


rhyme         (r    ime) 
numb         (n     um) 


an    k) 

*king         (k     ing) 
f~  • 

annum         (an     um)  *ringing         (r    ing     ing) 


In  the  first  few  lessons,  do  not  join  the  signs,  but 
write  separately  as  shown  in  the  above  examples.  Writ- 
ing them  separately  in  this  way,  furnishes  fine  drill. 
It  trains  one  to  break  up  words  into  their  sounds.  It 
also  drills  one  in  recognizing  the  separate  signs.  Then, 
too.  it  gives  better  writing  practice  on  the  separate 
signs  than  by  joining  them  in  words  from  the  first. 

(Every  sign  in  these  words  is  always  written  up- 
ward.) 


Writing  Exercise. 


come 

time 

Nan 

rhyme 

than 

can 

ran 


tan 

numb 

cant 

tank 

thumb 

rant 

rank 


thank 
ant 
rum 
annum 

*king 
*ring 
*  thing 


Bringing 
*tanning 
*ranting 
*thanking 


"Indicate  "ing"  by  writing  a  dot  under  the  end  of  the  pre- 
ceding sign;  or  begin  the  next  sign  there;  in  "ing  ing",  the 
second  "ing"  dot  goes  under  the  first  "ing"  dot. 


30 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


Reading  Exercise. 

In  reading  the  shorthand  words,  note  that  each  sep- 
arate stroke  or  different  curve  is  a  distinct  soundsign. 
as  illustrated  in  the  foregoing  examples. 


A  WORD  ABOUT  PRACTICE. 

The  ability  to  write  Shorthand  well  means  skill. 

Skill  is  acquired  only  by  practice — "Practice  makes 
perfect." 

To  become  extra  skillful  requires  very  much  practice 
— more  than  some  students  are  willing  to  give. 

Some  students  acquire  this  skill  with  less  effort  than 
others.  But  however  apt  you  may  be,  this  rule  will 
apply  to  you: 

The  quickest  way  to  acquire  skill  is  to  go 
slowly  enough  at  first  to  LEARN  THOR- 
OUGHLY EACH  STEP  AS  YOU  GO. 

You  must  learn  it  somewhere  along  the  course.  It 
is  better  by  far  to  take  enough  time  to  thoroughly  learn 
each  principle  as  you  take  it  up. 

Skill  in  writing  shorthand   comes  only  from   thor- 
ough familiarity  with  the  principles — 'and  repetition 
Write  each  exercise  carefully  till  you  get  every  word 
exactly  right  without  any  hesitation ; — then  write  it 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.       31 

many  times  to  make  sure  that  you  can  think  it  like 
lightning  and  can  make  the  signs  correctly  as  fast  as 
you  can  think  them. 

If  you  can  write  a  certain  exercise  absolutely  with- 
out error  the  first  time  you  try,  and  write  it  at  the  rate 
of  ten  words  a  minute,  it  shows  that  you  are  familiar 
with  the  principles  to  a  certain  extent.  But  if  you 
can  write  the  same  exercise  at  the  rate  of  twenty-five 
words  a  minute,  you  surely  know  those  principles  very 
much  better. 

Speed  in  writing  is  nothing  unless  the  notes  are  ac- 
curately written ;  but  accurate  outlines,  rapidly  writ- 
ten, are  what  you  are  striving  for.  So  as  an  indication 
of  what  you  may  do,  we  suggest  with  each  lesson  the 
number  of  words  a  minute  you  should  be  able  to  write 
before  leaving  that  exercise.  This  speed  naturally  in- 
creases as  the  student  advances  with  the  course. 

Develop  your  memory  while  acquiring  familiarity 
with  the  principles  by  following  this  plan:  Read  as 
many  words  of  the  exercise  as  you  can  remember ;  then 
write  them  before  looking  back  to  the  exercise.  Each 
time  you  go  over  the  exercise  try  to  remember  more 
words  than  you  did  before.  In  this  way  you  will  grad- 
ually acquire  the  ability  to  hold  in  mind  a  large  num- 
ber of  words,  and  that  will  eventually  add  very  great- 
ly to  your  skill  as  a  stenographer. 

The  General  Principles  are  introduced  gradually  in 
the  lessons,  but  are  repeated  in  the  back  of  the  book, 
in  form  for  ready  reference.  They  are  in  six  sections, 
numbered  I,  II,  III.  IV,  V  and  VI,  and  the  paragraphs 
are  numbered  with  arabic  numerals.  Throughout  the 
hook  these  paragraphs  are  referred  to  by  number 
Look  them  up  as  suggested, — on  pages  154  to  Ififl. 


32 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  II. 

*QUIZ. — How  is  "ing"  indicated?  "inging"?  When  is 
"line"  written  downward?  What  is  the  difference  between 
the  shorthand  signs  for  "C"  as  in  "oat"  and  "K"  as  in 
"kite"!  Why  is  it  necessary  to  write  the  exercises  many 
times?  How  will  the  developing  of  your  memory  add  to  your 
shorthand  speed?  In  what  three  respects  is  it  better  at  first 
to  practice  by  writing  words  without  joining  the  soundsigns? 
What  suggestion  was  made  in  the  last  lesson  for  developing 
the  memory  in  connection  with  your  shorthand  work? 

Here  are  the  only  curved  strokes  which  are  written 
downward : 


_  _    W    '«<?   '  J  ' 

A^JjiAli  i .  fail  1 !  it 


If  the  four  signs  in  each  group  were  shoved  together 
they  would  make  a  circle. 

Every  down  curve  is  a  quarter  circle. 

These  are  always  written  downward. 

How  many  down  curves?  How  many  spaces  high 
are  the  first  4?  The  second  4?  How  wide? 

Compare  these  with  the  up-strokes  and  note  that  the 
up-strokes  are  wider  (slant  more)  than  similar  down- 
strokes — just  as  in  longhand;  notice,  for  example,  the 
first  two  strokes  of  the  longhand  "m"  or  of  "h". 

This  jingle  will  help  you  memorize  the  down  curves : 


ex  tra  f  ine    p  ad  -  1  ocks 
will  sell    in  Tennessee 


*The  quiz  at  the  beginning  of  each  lesson  is  a  review, — noth- 
ing new.  Do  not  go  on  with  the  lesion  until  you  know  you 
understand  everything  referred  to  in  the  "quiz". 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.      33 

Take  a  good  look  at  this  jingle,  noting  the  under- 
scored part  of  each  word;  then  cover  the  jingle  and 
depending  upon  your  memory,  answer  the  following 
questions  : 

What  part  of  the  jingle  goes  with  the  first  circle? 
The  second  circle?  The  upper  half  of  the  large  circle? 
The  lower  half?  The  upper  half  of  the  small  circle? 
The  lower  half? 

Now  (from  memory)  :  What  sound  is  represented  by 
the  first  quarter  of  the  large  circle  (the  upper  left-hand 
quarter)?  The  second  quarter?  Third?  Fourth?  The 
first  quarter  of  the  small  circle?  Third?  Fourth? 
Second  ? 

Now  practice  writing  the  DOWN  curved  strokes. 
Notice  the  height  and  width  of  each  sign,  as  shown  by 
the  dotted  lines. 

Be  sure  to  write  these  DOWNWARD. 

Practice  on  the  signs  separately  as  you  did  with  the 
signs  in  Lesson  I;  that  is,  write  "Ex*'  a  number  of 
times,  then  "F"  a  number  of  times.  Then  write  "Ex 
F"  over  and  over,  as  you  did  "K  um"  in  the  last  les- 
son. Then  take  "P"  and  "L"  in  the  same  way,  after 
which  write  these  four  signs  in  a  group  over  and  over 
as  you  wrote  "K  um  N  an,"  (thinking  of  the  sound 
each  time  you  write  the  sign;  : 


Then  take  the  four  smaller  signs  in  the  same  wny 

N  r-\  s-\  r~\  r-^  r^ 

Then  the  eight  signs: 


34  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


Note  that 

"urn"  is  used  also  for  "con}" 
"an"  for  "trans"  ("tran") 
"F"  for  "for"  ("fore") 
Short  "i"  for  "im" 
Short  "e"  for  "em"  and  "ly" 

Study  these,  then  write  them  from  memory  many 
times,  writing  the  shorthand  sign  and  at  the  same  time 
thinking  of  the  new  sound  as  well  as  the  one  you  have 
learned  before.  Thus: 

/-"  "um,  com" 

-J  "an,  trans" 

^  "F,  for" 

^  "e,  em,  ly". 

r  "i,  im" 

Tracing  Exercise. 

Words  in  the  writing  exercise  on  the  opposite  page 
contain  all  the  signs  we  have  so  far  presented : 


(DownJ      (     ^    V, J      r  ~\    \.  j 

Before  beginning  to  write  the  exercise,  practice  trac- 
ing the  signs  of  both  groups  here  while  you  are  spell- 
ing out  the  words  of  the  exercise.  (Use  a  dry  pen  or 
pointed  stick.)  For  instance,  take  the  first  word— 
"fan".  As  you  pronounce  the  "f"  trace  the  sign  for 
"f",  which,  of  course,  is  in  the  second  group — and  be 
sure  to  trace  it  downward.  As  you  trace  the  "an", 
trace  (upward)  the  sign  for  "an" — which  you  will 
find  in  the  up  strokes.  This  will  help  you  very  much, 
both  in  learning  the  signs  themselves  and  in  getting 
well  in  mind  the  shape  and  direction  of  writing  of 
each  sign. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


35 


Writing  Exercise. 

When  you  have  written  the  following  list  of  words 
once,  read  it  carefully  five  times.  Then  submit  to  the 
teacher  for  correction,  after  which  write  each  of  the  cor- 
rected words,  if  there  be  any,  at  least  twenty-five  times. 
The  more  thoroughly  you  master  these  signs  the  more 
readily  you  will  master  the  next  lesson. 

(Do  not  join  the  signs  yet.) 


fan 

fill 

text 

rift 

pan 

filling 

next 

pump 

tin 

fell 

thicken 

pumping 

thin 

pill 

thickening 

panic 

pin 

kill 

Nellie         v 

ill 

fin 

ink 

tip 

compel 

think 

lit 

nip) 

fork 

thinking 

let 

fix 

fort 

rink 

letting 

fixing 

Tim 

link 

lynx 

then 

rim 

linking 

lump 

tell 

limb 

tick 

wreck 

telling 

them 

ticking 

wrecking 

exit 

coming 

lime 

pet 

pink 

comment 

lint 

petting 

kink 

thinly 

lent 

pen 

linen 

thickly 

pent 

pennant 

extent 

comfort 

tent 

kin 

till 

comforting 

tenting 

ken 

pick 

company 

rent 

net 

picking 

impel 

tint 

knit 

peck 

empty 

thump 

knitting 

kept 

forthcoming 

Nell 

rip 

left 

impelling 

thumping 

lip 

lift 

emptying 

theft 

thick 

lifting 

DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


fan         (f    an) 

~v/    ^  -s 

thin         (th    in) 
lent          (1     en    t) 

^•/'.< 

lynx        (1    in    x) 

X  •"•' 

'linen         (1     in    en) 

^     '**'  r 

emptying        (em    t    i    ing) 

xXf  -N   x^V 

comfort        (com    for*  t) 


fort  (for     t) 

~V  ^ 

thinly        (th     in     ly) 

limb  (1    im) 

^  J    ' 
kingly        (king    ly) 


forthcoming        (for    th    com    ing) 


W  JS  <^  ^  ^ 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


37 


LESSON  III. 

QUIZ. — What  is  the  difference  between  the  signs  for  "N" 
and  "en"?  Where  is  "en"  used?  When  may  quarter-circle 
signs  be  written  upward?  What  five  soundsigns  are  used  also 
for  certain  other  sounds?  What  are  the  sounds?  Name  five 
or  more  words  in  which  the  combination  "for"  occurs;  the 
same  of  "com";  "trans";  "em";  "im";  "ly".  Name  a 
word  or  two  in  which  the  first  syllable  is  "tran",  instead  of 
"trans",  in  which  "an"  would  be  used  for  "tran".  How 
may  "ing"  in  the  middle  of  a  word,  as  in  Washington,  be 
indicated?  What  is  the  difference  in  shape  of  the  signs  for 


short 


and 


and    short    "e"?    "hr 
in  mind.) 


Short 
and 


"e1 
en' 


and  "en"?     Short  "i" 
'?      (Get    them,   thoroughly 


There  are  seven  straight  lines  written  downward: 


67 


How  wide  is  each  sign?    How  high?    Fix  the  signs 
in  mind  thoroughly  before  studying  the  jingle. 

Here  is  the  jingle: 


G  rand  -  H  other  b  rings 

BBS  Bi  • 

I  da    up   ea  ch 

u         m*    mm 

V  acation 


Memorize  this  jingle  as  you  did  the  others,  then  as- 
sociate the  underscored  letters  in  the  jingle  with  the 
signs  shown  aoove.  Depend  upon  Memory. 

After  studying  the  signs  in  this  way  till  you  know 
them  well,  practice  writing  them  singly,  then  in  groups, 
as  you  did  with  the  last  two  groups. 

"Watch  carefully  the  height,  width,  etc.,  of  each  sign. 
Accuracy  is  of  the  greatest  importance. 


448598 


38 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


Remembering  the  combination  soundsigns  "com", 
"trans",  "for",  "im",  "em",  and  "ly",  (as  shown 
in  Lesson  II)  and  noting  that  . 

Short  "u"  is  used  also  for  "un", 

write  the  following  words,  (without  joining  the  signs). 
Writing  Exercise. 

After  writing  these  words,  go  over  them  carefully  sign 
by  sign,  noting  the  size  and  shape  of  each.  If  you 
find  you  have  made  a  mistake,  put  a  circle  around  it. 
Read  your  work  carefully  five  times  or  more,  and  sub- 
mit for  correction.  Make  sure  you  have  everything  in 
correct  form,  and  thoroughly  understand  the  principles 
involved.  Then  write  each  corrected  word  at  least  25 
times.  You  should  not  take  up  anything  else  until  you 
can  write  these  words  correctly  and  easily.  Do  the 
same  with  every  lesson. 


run 

thy 

gun 

tug 

nun 

rye 

pug 

rug 

runt 

bite 

night 

Peg 

fun 

biting 

nightly 

veal 

funny 

tight 

met 

vile 

pun 

tightly 

peat 

buff 

punk 

tighten 

pet 

muff 

ton 

right 

pit 

tough 

buy 

rightly 

pity 

toughen 

buying 

might 

lye 

mit 

bun 

light 

ripe 

transmit 

bunk 

lighten 

ripen 

pike 

bunting 

lighting 

bit 

peal 

pie 

lightning 

beet 

real 

fie       ' 

meet 

bet 

reap 

lie 

meeting 

big 

pile 

vie 

give 

beg 

feat 

vying 

given 

bug 

fill 

tie 

giving 

begging 

file 

life 

cup 

rough 

roughen 

write 

written 

reef 

leak 

peak 

neat 

get 

gift 

tuck 

piling 

mug 

ban 

man 

manly 

bank 

banking 


DOUGHERTY'S 

fife 

thigh 

lug 

mink 

leave 

live 

lief 

meat 

kite 

peek 

mix 

feet 

fix 

fit 

fitly 

peel 

rub 

bent 

knife 

vent 


39 


-£ey 

finely 

vex 

item 

leg 

evenly 

league 

combining 

leaf 

forgetting 

wreath 

transmitting 

fight 

cunningly 

nut 

common 

luck 

uncommonly 

lucky 

imbibe 

luckily 

competing 

writhe 

**yet 

combine 

••yell 

complete 

**yelling 

compete 

**young 

compile 

••yelp 

form 

**yelping 

vim 

**yank 

embank 

**Yankee 

fine 

**yanking 

Beading  Exercise. 


L      ~>|      /- 


Study  paragraphs  8  to  13  of  the  General  Principles. 
**Soo   paragraph   6   of  the   General    Principles. 


40  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

Wordsigns. 

The  soundsigns  are  used  arbitrarily  for  certain  com- 
plete words,  and  when  so  used  are  called  "wordsigns". 

Wordsigns  are  used  only  for  these  words,  or  words 
derived  from  them.  A  combination  soundsign  is  used 
for  that  combination  of  sounds  wherever  it  occurs. 
Thus  "  "^  "  as  a  soundsign  for  "for"  is  used  for 
"for"  wherever  it  is  found,  as  in  "form",  but  the 
same  sign  as  a  wordsign  for  "far"  is  not  used  for 
"far"  in  "farm". 

The  complete  list  of  wordsigns  is  given  in  division 
VI  of  the  General  Principles.  Refer  to  that  list  for  the 
following  wordsigns,  which  are  used  in  this  lesson: 

look  to  my 

like  go  me 


know 


must 


on 


Reading  Exercises. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.       41 


»  X 


42      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


X  '- 


V, 


\  j 


/ 


'  ^ 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.      43 


LESSON  IV. 

QUIZ.  —  Wtaat  is  the  difference  in  the  shape  of  long  "e" 
and  long  "i"?  What  is  used  for  "un",  and  where  is  it  so 
used?  How  is  "y"  represented  at  the  beginning  of  a  syllable, 
as  in  "yet"?  Why?  How  at  the  end  of  a  syllable  —  as  in 
"my"  or  "Amy"?  What  is  the  difference  between  the  sound 
of  "ea"  in  "each"  and  that  of  "e"  in  "me"?  What  is 
the  difference  between  the  sound  of  "o"  in  "oven"  or 
"other"  and  that  of  "u"  in  "utter"?  How  is  each  repre- 
sented? What  is  the  difference  between  "on"  in  "ton"  or 
"onion"  and  "un"  in  "run"  or  "under"?  What  is  the 
sound  of  "ean"  in  "meant"?  How  may  "ing"  in  "cun- 
ningly" be  indicated?  How  would  you  know  whether  /I- 
is  "right"  or  "write"?  (How  would  you  know  it  from  hear- 
ing the  word  spoken?)  How  would  you  know  the  word  "bow" 
—  in  ordinary  print?  Why  would  not  the  sign  v_  be  used  in 
the  word  "combine"?  What  is  the  difference  between  a 
soundsign  and  a  wordsign?  Write  a  list  (from  memory)  of 
the  wordsigns  given  so  far.  Drill,  drill,  drill  on  these  word- 
signs. 

The  horizontal  strokes: 


Notice  the  width,  etc.,  of  these  signs,  so  as  to  get  a 
good  .picture  of  them  in  mind  before  learning  what 
each  sign  stands  for. 

Then  study  the  jingle: 


D  o    j  ust    wh  at    we    ch  oose 


Note  the  underscored  letters  as  before,  and  depend- 
ing entirely  upon  memory,  associate  them  with  the 
signs. 

Note  that  "WH"  is  simply  the  combination  of  W 

and  H. 

The  dot  is  H.    It  is  written  in  the  same  way  a  long- 


44      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

hand  dot  is  made,  by  simply  touching  the  pencil  to  the 
paper.  It  is  written  beside  and  close  to  the  beginning 
of  the  next  sign:  v  -,  -^  •{/ 1> 

The  sound  of  "W"  is  the  same  as  long  "oo".  For 
short  "oo"  make  the  sign  smaller  (-). 

D  and  J  may  vary  in  depth,  according  to  convenience 
of  joining  in  different  words. 

Do  not  make  an  angle  at  the  bottom  of  the  "CH", 
but  round  it  off,  making  the  two  sides  parallel  and 
close  together:  </  not  ^ 

After  studying  the  signs  by  means  of  the  jingle, 
practice  writing  them  singly  and  in  groups  as  in  pre- 
vious lessons. 

Then  write  the  following  words  (without  joining  the 
signs),  just  as  you  did  with  each  of  the  groups  so  far. 

Writing  Exercise. 

After  writing  the  following  words,  read  your  work 
carefully  five  times  or  more,  as  instructed  in  Lesson 
ITT.  Then  if  there  be  any  errors,  write  each  corrected 
word  at  least  25  times. 


die 

bud 

dig 

win 

dying 

reed 

ridge 

cheek 

died 

ride 

digging 

rich 

lied 

weed 

ledge 

jumping 

lid 

egg 

bug 

tide 

deed 

edge 

budge 

chick 

dead 

week 

judging 

chicken 

did 

riding     ,.  , 

weekly 

check 

red 

Jug         T 

jump 

pitch 

bed 

judge 

read 

pitching 

wing 

ford     J 

chum 

cheating 

rid 

dug    J 

chump 

kitchen 

cud 

forge     \l 

cheat 

pied 

DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


Dan 

wretch 

dumb 

**quit 

din 

wretched 

dumping 

quick 

chin 

teaching 

dim 

quill 

wind 

dip 

Jim 

quilt 

chip 

liege 

whim 

quiet 

wink 

fudge 

weakling 

Quin 

chink 

chew 

richly 

queen 

winking 

dump 

widely 

quell 

why 

cheap 

wretchedly 

tranquil 

white 

chief 

cheaply 

type 

whiting 

lynch 

chiefly 

even 

whiten 

peach 

hoop 

oven 

wheat 

loop 

done 

love 

when 

loom 

undone 

cunning 

who 

whip 

one 

running 

whine 

room 

dunning 

beat 

winding 

tomb 

London 

beating 

kingdom 

chewing 

lunch 

reek 

wide 

lynching 

luncheon 

keel 

lend 

moon 

punch 

foremen 

tend 

move 

junk 

puff 

rend 

hide 

untie 

knee 

bend 

heat 

won 

writhing 

lead 

hut 

bunch 

meant 

chill 

heed 

dimly 

rig 

reach 

hen 

impeach 

beak 

teach 

hint 

cheeky 

pig 

leach 

high 

punching 

pick 

bench 

hum 

*muddy 

transform 

wrench 

height 

*weedy 

forget 

Dutch 

hump 

*ready 

foreman 

touch 

hand 

*needy 

reading 

chide 

hub 

*tidy 

ditch 

much 

humming 

woody 

judged 

wedge 

ruddy 

'Often  it  is  easier  and  just  as  legible  to  use  the  long  "e" 
sign   for   short   "i". 
**See  paragraph  5  of  the  General  Principles. 


46  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

Reading  Exercises. 


-7 


^S"*-* 


2 


Wordsigns. 
(Refer  to  the  General  Principles.) 


do 
jjood 


no 
«P 

?    / 


every 
a  7iv 


by 
there 


we 
with 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.       47 


/\* 


2.  -  \ 


_  \  *iXl^-  X1 


48      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


x  — 


/? 


^  -'  ^  ^ 


/  /^^ 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.       V       49 


:* 

LESSON  V. 

QUIZ. — What  is  H?  Where  is  it  written  in  a  word?  What 
for  short  "oo"  as  in  "took"?  What  is  the  difference  be- 
tween "w"  and  "wh"?  What  sign  is  used  for  long  "oo" 
as  in  "ooze"?  What  is  the  sound  of  "qu"?  How  repre- 
sented? Why  is  not  "t"  written  in  "kitchen",  "pitcher", 
etc.?  How  do  we  indicate  "ing"  in  "kingdom"?  How 
may  "thing"  be  indicated?  Write  a  list  of  all  the  wordsigns 
you  have  learned  so  far. 

First  study  paragraph  15  of  the  General  Principles. 

Any  soundsign  but  a  dot  may  be  shaded. 

Carefully  avoid  the  habit  of  losing  time  by  going 
over  the  stroke  more  than  once  to  make  it  heavier, — 
shade  it  as  you  go. 

Writing  Exercise. 

Write  the  following  exercises  without  joining  the 
signs,  but  shading  each  sign  just  preceding  the  "er". 

(In  a  few  of  the  following  words,  the  sounds  that 
are  to  be  combined  with  "er"  by  shading  are  in  black 
faced  type.) 

After  writing  these  words,  read  your  work  carefully 
five  times  or  more,  as  instructed  in  Lesson  III.  Then 
if  there  be  any  errors,  write  each  corrected  word  at 
least  25  times. 


burr 

pearl 

error 

queer 

myrrh 

curt 

verb 

(kweer) 

fur 

girl 

verge 

quire 

cur 

fern 

brink 

inquiry 

Bert 

furl 

prank 

query 

bird 

firm 

infer 

verging 

burn 

dirt 

incur 

inferring 

curb 

err 

injure 

jerk 

curl 

murmur 

creak 

chirp 

50 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


former 

hear 

thinner 

empire 

formerly 

tire 

utter 

drily 

further 

turning 

other 

under 

forgery 

grinning 

grew 

wonder 

girt 

exerting 

group 

*forerank 

germ 

perjury 

perch 

*forerunner 

jerliing 

mire 

birch 

timber 

Turk 

mere 

brick 

limber 

turn 

fire 

preach 

trimming 

here 

fear 

expire 

wondering 

turf 

rumor 

tinner 

cheering 

work 

Frank 

treating 

**urn 

worm 

dear 

drinking 

**earn 

worth 

yearn 

perching 

**  early 

purge 

brand 

umpire 

*  ^earning 

tree 

French 

banner 

**  earth 

true 

brook 

moor 

**  earned 

drum 

crank 

pepper 

°*her 

grin 

treat 

Franklin 

**hurt 

murder 

try 

anger 

**  heard 

injuring 

dread 

transfer 

**herb 

anchor 

drink 

transpire 

urge 

from 

drank 

brim 

urged 

crook 

cheer 

grim 

urgent 

exert 

were 

trim 

urban 

tremor 

wire 

mirror 

hurl 

churn 

we  're 

prim 

hurling 

chureh 

Weird 

primer 

urging 

either 

finger 

imprint 

earl 

higher 

bridge    . 

ember 

urgently 

eater 

greed 

temper 

hurled 

wider 

learn 

emery 

truly 

crib 

emigrant 

*In  words  like  these,  "B"  is  not  in  the  same  syllable  with 
the  preceding  sign,  so  would  not  be  indicated  by  shading. 

**In  words  like  these,  shade  the  vowel  preceding  the  "B", 
using  the  short  "u"  sign  for  the  vowel. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 
Reading-  Exercises. 


51 


Wordsigns. 

•fer  to  the  wordsign  list  for: 
quite        very          if  their 

would       i  n  any 


among 


\ 


^  , 
DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


-  r" 


V 


v.  -v  x 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


53 


LESSON  VI. 

QUIZ. — When  can  "er"  be  indicated  by  shading?  What 
sign  is  shaded?  Is  any  extra  stroke  required  to  shade  a  sign? 
What  sign  is  shaded  in  "earn"?  "yearn"?  In  "Earl"? 
In  "lawyer"?  In  "pritaer'*?  In  "inner"?  In  "cashier"? 
Why  is  not  "eh"  shaded  in  "anchor"?  Why  is  not  s 
used  as  the  first  sign  in  "urge''?  What  is  the  first  sound, — 
anything  before  the  "r"?  What  soundsign  is  never  shaded? 
Write  from  memory  a  list  of  the  wordsigns  so  far  presented. 

There  are  six  circles,  counting  the  dot,  which,  when 
joined,  is  written  with  a  circular  motion  exactly  the 
same  as  the  other  circles,  but  so  small  as  to  close  it 
into  a  dot.  „,  w 

*         •  • 


(These   are   the    vowel   sounds   of  "Kate",   "cat", 
"cot",  "caught",  "coat",  "cute".) 

CAREFULLY  NOTE  THE  RELATIVE  SIZES. 

Memorize    these    by    reading    them    BY    THEIR 
SOUNDS,  over  and  over. 

Reading  Exercises. 

C^ 


Wordsigns. 

at  has  of  known        be-en 

as  have  all  most  gone 

The  sound-combination  "ane",  as  in  "cane",  "vain 
etc.,  is  represented  by  the  short  "a"  sign. 


54  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


\ 


\        . 


^>0  - 

*  /" 


"O 


M 


v ./. 


\ 


_  \ 


'      ^ 


x   - 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


.  -7  x  V 


x  "to"  ^  "be" 
*  x  _^-  \  - 


\  —,  s 

<J  V.  -   -  J>  'O  ^-  »Xn/ 


-f 


9, 


\  . 


. 


\ 


")s  \ 


56      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


?  .  /&  . 


o 


O 


,        o 


\  I  O^s  x  \  O^-    </ 


>->-.^ 

V*  ^-s*^?  ^ 

xo?  _-/ 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 
x  s-^  <?  ^ 


57 


X    ^    ' 


o  . 


_D   x->   a 


.\/x. 


O    .  .  y  d  . 


<a.  x 


XI 


L  .  x^ 

J  x  ^  < 


l/~0 


\ 


01 


/     x  ^  - 


68      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

Practice  a  great  deal  on  the  six  circles,  one  after  the 
other,  thus : 

.      o     O     ©    O  <7      .     »     O     &   O    0         .      o    O      O     O     rf* 

This  practice  will  give  you  better  training  as  to  pro- 
portionate sizes  than  you  will  get  by  practice  on  the 
signs  one  at  a  time. 

Be  sure  to  think  of  the  sound  as  you  write  each  circle. 

In  writing  the  dot,  when  standing  alone,  be  sure  to 
do  just  as  in  dotting  a  longhand  "i" — by  merely  touch- 
ing the  pencil  to  the  paper.  Be  careful  to  make  a,  o, 
aw,  and  o  round — do  not  flatten  them. 

Writing  Exercise. 

After  writing  the  following  words,  read  your  work 
carefully  five  times  or  more,  as  instructed  in  Lesson 
III.  If  there  be  any  errors,  write  each  corrected  word 
at  least  25  times. 

(Do  not  join  the  signs  yet.) 

due  yard  pure 

during  yarn  Poe 

boy  hod  pour 

joy  hard  poured 

Roy  hoed  yea 

folly  hoard  yale 

jolly  hack  mad 

mute  bow  madly 

Amy  bower  pa 

army  cow  par 

dot  cower  part 

dart  bath  party 

yellow  bother  jar 

yacht  pew  hold 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


59 


mode 

roared 

York 

bard 

barn 

wrong 

wake 

farm 

pock 

paith 

bake 

char 

bark 

catch 

add 

chart 

code 

comb 

adding 

charter 

dock 

mowed 

wading 

hail 

dark 

hath 

now 

hare 

darken 

hair 

vow 

pound 

Paul 

hop 

wad 

(p-o-un-d) 

fail 

harp 

ward 

compound 

holding 

both 

award 

bound 

wrought 

wrath 

occur 

round 

oak 

rather 

allow 

mound 

yawning 

jockey 

beau 

ground 

failing 

rock 

bough 

found 

hawk 

feud 

hark 

founder 

hat 

ate 

hearth 

roundly 

ought 

aid 

ardor 

noun 

art 

hot 

abode 

gown 

Arthur 

heart 

aboard 

down 

faith 

hearty 

wail 

town 

gave 

hale 

hardly 

brown 

lad 

arm 

chaff 

frown 

bought 

harm 

fuel 

frowning 

fought 

tower 

horn 

cane 

taught 

whole 

lock 

Dane 

tot 

Hugh 

lark 

vain 

rod 

huge 

organ 

vainly 

lawyer 

made 

organic 

chain 

hog 

toad 

order 

pain 

toe 

toward 

combat 

lane 

translate 

wait 

comrade 

embody 

wade 

roar 

half 

gourd 

waiting 

tart 

Jack 

Jane 

image 

attain 

new 

main 

imagine 

crane 

drain 

maintain 

newer 

road 

goad 

formulate 

feign 

wane 

foretop 

park 

body 

yoke 

gravely 

fiO 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


chaining 

emphatic 

*narrow 

darn 

change 

forethought 

*tyro 

pal 

brain 

emigrate 

*Cairo 

apparel 

rain 

embark 

*Koran 

apparent 

range 

empower 

*Nora 

gnaw 

train 

obtain 

"forum 

nor 

gain 

*arrange 

*quorum 

north 

grain 

attaining 

George 

*Cora 

mainly 

gaining 

wan 

*Dora 

waning 

quart 

warn 

*quarry 

badly 

quack 

warm 

*quarrel 

daily 

quaint 

Don 

•The  "B"  is  not  in   the  same  syllable  with  the  preceding 
sign,  and  so  is  written, — not  indicated  by  shading. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.       61 


LESSON  VII. 

QUIZ.  —  How  is  "ane"  as  in  "lane"  represented?  "ain" 
as  in  "pain"?  What  is  the  sign  for  "aw"  in  "awful"? 
"a"  in  "all"?  How  is  a  dot  written  alone?  How  joined! 
When  is  a  dot  shaded?  What  is  long  "u"  when  shaded? 
Long  "o"?  Short  "o"?  "aw"?  Why  can  not  -^  be 
used  for  "ar"  as  in  "barn"?  What  is  "ar"?  What  is 
shaded  to  make  "ar"?  How  big  is  it?  Why  is  not  "B" 
shaded  for  "bar"  in  "embark"?  What  is  the  difference  in 
sound  between  "oun"  in  "found"  and  "own"  in  "down"? 
Write  from  memory  all  the  wordsigns  so  far  given.  What  is 
the  wordsign  for  "of"?  Is  "off"  a  wordsign?  What  is 
phrasing?  What  phrases  have  you  had  so  far?  Tell  what 
you  have  learned  about  phrasing  from  paragraph  (t),  page 
15  and  paragraph  25,  of  the  General  Principles. 

Half  Circles.       S   S    S      Sh 


"S"  is  a  small  half  circle,  always  joined  in  the  eas- 
iest way,  which  generally  gives  it  the  form  of  a  hook, 
and  as  such  it  assumes  different  forms  in  different  com- 
binations thus  : 


"Sh"  also  is  a  small  half  circle,  but  it  is  always 
written  with  a  DOWNWARD  and  LEFTWARD  mo- 
tion: 

_,     ^     ^     ^    ^      \    J    J    /  ^/>  ^ 

Study  paragraph  7  of  the  General  Principles. 

For  convenience  we  shall  refer  to  the  different  forms 
of  "S"  in  the  order  shown  above,  as  "first  S",(  r\  ), 
"second  S"  (  u  ),  and  "third  S",  (  C  ). 

Third  "S"  is  used  for  the  sound-combination  "so". 


R2       DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

1     '&-»    'V-s 


was 

is 
sure 


Wordsigns. 

should  far 

else 

just  long 


length 
••noney 
!  ;\m 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.       63 
w  ,  ,  _X>  w  I  >  i  /"/  ?  i  ^  j  » 


V. 


^r 


> 


X 


—    a 


•e,x 

•VJ 


/   ? 


e, 


64  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


o  a--" 


o  Q--'  /^  - 


1  ^^  <J  ^  /  ^> 


X  ._ 


..    ?    \ 


x    ^ 


L 


I 


L    o  ^    o  ^r   ?    / 

\x    ^    1 


x  /  \  —  ' 

\  /  I/I 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


65 


r  x 


x  _ 


—  \ 


.9 


v* 


Ofi 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


Writing  Exercise. 

Except  for  "so",  use  the  first  S  in  the  following  ex» 
ercises. 

After  writing  the  following  words,  read  your  work 
carefully  five  times  or  more,  as  instructed  in  Lesson 
III.  Then  if  there  be  any  errors,  write  each  corrected 
word  at  least  25  times. 

(Do  not  join  the  signs  yet.) 


see 

seizing 

swing 

case 

seer 

tease 

swinging 

cats 

seem 

hides 

sneers 

digs 

seen 

heeds 

oats 

seeds 

seek 

prize 

verges 

fees 

sees 

sprig 

Hughes 

notes 

sigh 

ease 

sack 

hustle 

sire 

verbs 

mice 

dates 

size 

hods 

cheers 

sale 

side 

hacks 

chess 

days 

cider 

hose 

eaters 

verse 

sin 

house 

nice 

sun 

shin 

hogs 

niece 

sunk 

sing 

shy 

nicely 

sunder 

singing 

sad 

shun 

sunburn 

sinking 

sadly 

wish 

Sunday 

seeking 

she 

rugs 

sober 

seize 

cheese 

seed 

soberly 

sling 

shoe 

cedars 

sewed 

heeds 

such 

sod 

soak 

ship 

sight 

sawed 

soap 

sheep 

unsightly 

cypher 

soar 

sheet 

insight 

rise 

sole 

sink 

mush 

terse 

sold 

sheaf 

piece 

wishing 

soldier 

lies 

seats 

pugs 

solo 

ties 

sheik 

safe 

soda 

tries 

pies 

tersely 

slain 

rush 

spire 

sap 

Spain 

DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


67 


so-so 

soapy 

solar 

sound 

sweetly 

slowly 

force 

sewing 

soaking 

skimminj 

spring 

shove 

coats 

trice 

grease 

cries 

fish 

*fichu 

*tissue 

shape 

rose 

quires 

dish 

homes 

squirm 

squirrel 

crease 

increase 

knees 

wires 


compass 

fates 

sham 

shrew 

seat 

sharp 

sulphur 

deceit 

compose 

cots 

perverse 

compress 

hoes 

churns 

compassion 

lease 

purse 

commerce 

shale 

gears 

transpose 

iurns 

push 

transposal 

purges 

bush 

impose 

dries 

sup 

transgress 

ears 

express 

transgression 

sign 

curse 

transmission 

design 

waits 

transaction 

cheats 

wakes 

foresee 

shriek 

spurs 

foreseen 

surge 

squawk 

foresight 

serf 

squash 

skim 

vice 

squeal 

slim 

shade 

squeeze 

whimsy 

side 

sort 

embrace 

beside 

endorse 

empress 

inside 

horse 

emprise 

decide 

harsh 

silently 

jeers 

parse 

composing 

cities 

Morse 

comprising 

yes 

sauce 

sundering 

yells 

saucer 

sane 

spear 

farce 

insane 

squire 

south 

insanely 

boats 

song 

*Long  "oo"  rather  than  long  "u1 


68  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  VIII. 

QUIZ. — What  two  things  are  always  true  of  "sh"?  How 
are  "z"  and  "zh"  written?  (See  paragraph  7.)  When  is 
"sh"  written  upward?  What  is  the  soundsign  for  "so"?  For 
what  words  are  half  circles  used  as  wordsigns?  In  words  like 
"singer",  "wringer",  etc.,  how  is  the  "ing"  indicated? 
Which  form  of  "s"  is  similar  in  shape  to  "D"?  "J"? 
Write  from  memory  all  the  wordsigns  so  far  presented. 

Study  paragraphs  16  and  17. 

No  sign  may  be  enlarged  which  would,  if  enlarged, 
be  exactly  like  another  soundsign.  Thus,  long  "e"  en- 
larged would  be  like  "B"  and  so  may  not  be  length- 
ened; "Ch"  and  long  "u"  may  be  lengthened,  because 
when  enlarged  they  are  not  like  any  other  soundsigns. 

The  "T"  length  of  a  down  stroke  rests  on  the  base 
line,  but  begins  one  space  higher  than  the  normal 
length,  in  order  to  give  it  the  added  size. 

The  "L"  length  of  a  down  stroke  begins  at  the  same 
height  as  the  "T"  length,  but  runs  down  through  the 
line  in  order  to  give  it  the  increased  length.  This  makes 
one  space  difference  between  each  two  sizes. 

Up-strokes,  all  sizes,  begin  on  the  base  line. 

There  should  be  more  difference  in  the  sizes  of  the 
horizontal  strokes  than  is  necessary  with  up  and  down 
strokes,  as  there  is  a  greater  tendency  to  unduly  length- 
en them  in  rapid  writing.  It  is,  however,  necessary 
to  make  only  enough  difference  in  the  various  sizes  to 
enable  them  to  be  readily  distinguished. 

Before  commencing  to  practice  on  these  exercises. 
study  the  different  sizes  of  the  various  signs,  as  illus- 
trated in  the  following  examples. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


j  •  .-L  •_  •  i  -l.'-'-l  i  j.1  .'5Zi&v-:.'..-i?(^ii  (  i  '  >-•-<  j  iT<  •  j  j  _•_•_'  .<.<_>  >j.  i 


j  •  .j-L  •_  •  i  -l.'-'-l  i  j.1  .'^5Zic&v-:.'.\.-^is?3/(^ii  (  i  '  >-•)-<  j  i/T<  •  j  j  _•_•_'  .<.<_>  >j.  i 
j.  .1  1  1  .Vi  St-'-li  i  i  -TXiK'-  >-\<-'-'./?7:'.>/..i-Li  j  -•f-'-V^  -'-LM-'-j.  '-O^t&fy^  ... 
1  1  rL'-^S^jSJ\J.J:i-'_\-'-V'_'A-iX_'<j_i./j.  iiii^L^^i-i^-^^cu^Qi-r^rr-'.'-'-i 


" 


L^^^p^^s^^ 

Reading  Exercise. 


70 


-9 

k—  G__O 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

fv—  c  CX  C  C  C  C  C 


v 

V 


&$£S£>£^ 


Wordsigns. 


short 


not  it  great 

knowledge      it  would         glad 

close  it  will  general  to  the 


^/^j*<>  \ } 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


71 


<TJ 


^      ~    • 


X. 


X 


X 


J> 


f  I 

•   /  \  v-^V       / 
—        ^-*^ 


—  r* 

s    /J)     • 

S\^~^       W      — */     O       J^S    X     <^i 

^^ro.y. 

'^  f     //  s^ 

^   l\  /-i    __  Q.  x 

_?<7\>^ 


^    ?    /^ 

\  Q^  x  <<^  x'V— s  — -"  ^-^ 

^! 


A  — ^  o  O  \     


1 X s»  L  •  I X  ST* 

• v_^  — ^^  *   6  ,j '    ~^~    OyX  ^  o ; 


72  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

O"~    Q-3    X  <5?    1 


Q/ 


~o\ 


X 
'v->!  /  v    o 

^X 


'9-^^ 
/I 


X   —  '^ 

2    /^"^^ 


_  Q 


/ 


a-- 


.  3  £>x  u 

^»«. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


73 


Writing  Exercise. 

After  writing  the  following  words,  read  your  work 
carefully  five  times  or  more,  as  instructed  in  Lesson 
III.  Then  if  there  be  any  errors,  write  each  corrected 
word  at  least  25  times.  (Do  not  join  the  signs.) 

blew 

blow 

blink 

blank 

blot 

blown 

bloom 

table 

Bible 

Mabel 

rumble 

fumble 

blur 

blurred 

blurt 

stable 

stumble 

crumble 

gobble 

tumble 

blade 

% 

flew 

flat 

flake 

rifle 

baffle 

raffle 

trifle 

flinch 


ply 

class 

midst 

plight 

clean 

total 

plot 

clod 

local 

play 

clinch 

battle 

fiurry 

tingling 

bottle 

plead 

glancing 

fatal 

rifling 

clock 

cattle 

pleading 

clog 

Myrtle 

apple 

cloak 

fertile 

plan 

clothe 

eternal 

plum 

clap 

external 

plum  cake 

clerk 

extra 

plump 

clime 

rnle 

maple 

client 

tool 

rumple 

clove 

fool 

plank 

clover 

towel 

glow 

clear 

owl 

gloom 

clearness 

cruel 

glaze 

clinching 

idle 

gloss 

clothing 

needles 

eagle 

cleaning 

*need<less 

glowing 

circle 

stake 

glee 

sprinkle 

strap 

tingle 

crinkle 

streak 

bangle 

clash 

stop 

mangle 

rattle 

candle 

glum 

staple 

kindle 

bugle 

stride 

swindle 

glance 

steam 

brindle 

clay 

state 

model 

*The  "L"  is  not  in  the  same  syllable  with  the 
so  the  "D"  is  not  enlarged,  as  it  is  in  "needles". 


"D".  and 


74 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND, 


coddle 

winked 

fast 

dust 

formally 

delay 

yanked 

past 

nest 

cute 

saddle 

linked 

blast 

coast 

acute 

satchel 

banked 

post 

world 

actual 

marshal 

worked 

list 

furled 

actually 

journal 

raft 

boots 

turned 

uncomfort 

fact 

shaft 

rout 

clearly 

able 

waked 

marched 

out 

temple 

star 

stifle 

boot 

trout 

simplify 

start 

stove 

root 

stout 

brimful 

store 

boast 

toot 

spoilt 

formal 

storm 

stone 

tutor 

helped 

symbolize 

shout 

rivals 

shoot 

stew 

shift 

stars 

stale 

east 

stay 

sift 

study 

lapsed 

suit 

stool 

facts 

sturdy 

Review  Drill  on  Wordsigns. 

Practice  reading  the  following  until  you  can  read  the 
entire  exercise  easily  and  correctly  in  a  minute.  In 
the  first  three  lines  the  list  is  given  as  in  Section  VI 
of  the  General  Principles,  a  sign  for  each  word.  After 
that,  read  for  each  sign  all  the  words  for  that  sign. 
Thus,  for  "K"  read  "look,  quite,  like";  etc. 


X i ^  v^y 


\    3    /  6    O  -^  __  ^  I  >    I 
' 


\  /  0  .  ^  /  > 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.  75 


LESSON  IX. 

QUIZ. — How  and  when  may  "T"  and  "L"  be  indicated  in- 
stead of  written?  Which  is  larger — the  "L"  length  or  the 
"T"  length?  May  short  "e"  be  enlarged?  Why  not! 
"CH"?  Why?  First  "8"?  Second  "S"f  Why  not? 
Third  "8"?  Why?  How  much  difference  should  there  be  in 
the  various  sizes?  Write  from  memory  all  the  wordsigns  so 
far  given. 

pro  (por)         con  (coun)         col  (qnal)         cor  (c8r) 
/  \  -  I 

Study  these  signs  intently,  to  get  the  forms  thor- 
oughly in  mind. 

These  four  combination  soundsigns  are  like  the  dot 
of  the  longhand  "i"  and  the  cross  on  the  longhand 
"t"  in  that  they  are  never  written  on  the  base  line. 

They  are  joined  when  convenient. — providing  the 
outline  is  legible. 

They  may  be  shaded  and  lengthened,  the  same  as 
other  signs. 

Reading  Exercises. 


76 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

^         -~G^.>. 


*    • 


\-^,X^ 

~*-,    <T1      •     ?    / 


<X 


\ 


s^* /    . 

o^>i 

\, 


^    r  x  /">          o 

•\ 


\  <?  — /  * 


i^, 


s 


3 


/ 


V 

\. 


^  L^'  ^   <)*<>^^  "^\^ 

JC~.<-^A^^^ 

_^     _>    c    \^\Q^ 
X  ^^         u    ^~^  ^^  ^     /    C-X>     I         -- —          d 

-^  -— '     x     vx     «^  <a_c  /I  """^  -*.<?£ 

^.S  ^-^3    o    y)  ^-^ 

S       f      9  i  /  ; 

x'~-"^a--''[x<-^d/      x 

;V_^\-^_  .c^1!  ~^ 
\      / 


I 


,  ^  vx  ^Q-J^; 
X^    'd.x^SV- 


k-N 


^ 


^ 


x  o  o 


i)  ^^^-^   J  p 

x.-/?f\^ 

^5^x  -  ^  -  ]^  ^  - —  -^  ^  x-^-  y  ^ « ^-  jx"x 

V.  O-    ^  -    ^  U  ^K  --  "^%  ^  /"x 

x^/^^ 
^>-Sii 


_  3  y .  ^v.  xX-  _  ^  \  x 

^^,^<^,c/\/_^^Xy 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


77 


A 


78 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


Writing  Exercise. 

After  writing  the  following  words,  read  your  work 
carefully  five  times  or  more,  as  instructed  in  Lesson 
III.  Then,  if  there  be  any  errors,  write  each  corrected 
word  at  least  25  times.  (Be  sure  to  keep  the  four  new 
signs  above  the  base  line.) 

(Do  not  join  the  signs  yet.) 


proceed 

concrete 

collect 

concede 

prosper 

collects 

profess 

prostrate 

correct 

confess 

consider 

conjure 

profuse 

conspire 

confident 

confuse 

conference 

portrait 

produce 

confide 

condemn 

conduce 

convene 

proposal 

protract 

provide 

prorats 

contract 

prophesy 

cartoon 

profound 

condense 

accord 

confound 

proceeding 

corrects 

progress 

progressing 

collide 

congress 

condensing 

considering 

proffer 

portray 

conspiring 

confer 

promote 

accounting 

province 

pronoun 

encountering 

convince 

pronounce 

collecting 

prove 

prohibit 

collision 

proof 

portion 

collapse 

prudent 

*count 

collate 

prudence 

account 

car 

prudently 

counter 

card 

counsel 

encounter 

course 

consent 

column 

cork 

proverb 

colony 

corn 

process 

collar 

cornet 

equally 

scholar 

Carl 

•As  the  " 

t"  is  in  the  same  syllable 

with  "coun,"  lengthen 

"coun"  to 

add   "t". 

DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


79 


carp 

carbon 

fr*iraprove 

carpenter 

prophecy 

**improper 

port 

accountant 

improperly 

report 

colonnade 

impropriety 

porter 

propound 

*  important 

reporter 

context 

improvision 

transport 

concave 

**imprudent 

transports 

convex 

**inconcrete 

connect 

converse 

***inconstant 

protect 

propel 

inconsistent 

propose 

collapsible 

inconvertible 

contrite 

cardinal 

inconsiderate 

contradict 

Cornell 

inconvenient 

controversy 

**improvise 

progressiveness 

corroborate 

im  provided 

**"Im"   in   the  "pro"  position    (above  the  line)   will  sug- 
gest "impro"   ("impor"). 

***"Tn"  in  the  "con"  position  will  suggest  "incon". 


80  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


LESSON  X. 

QUIZ. — What  font  signs  are  always  written  above  the  line! 
When  are  these  joined?  Would  "cor"  be  joined  to  "B"f 
"Pro"  to  "G"?  Why  not?  May  these  signs  be  shaded  to 
add  "er"  or  lengthened  to  add  "t"?  How  may  "impro" 
be  represented  with  one  sign?  "Incon"?  Is  "pro"  in 
"prove"  written  the  same  as  "pro"  in  "proceed"?  Is 
"por"  lengthened  in  "port"?  Why? 

JOINING  THE  SIGNS. 

You  have  had  a  great  deal  of  drill  np  to  this  point 
on  all  the  shorthand  signs  themselves,  and  in  fact  on 
practically  all  of  the  shorthand  principles.  You  have 
also  had  much  drill  in  breaking  up  words  into  their 
sounds,  and  you  should  by  this  time  be  able  to  readily 
associate  the  signs  with  their  sounds. 

Now,  we  will  take  up  the  joining  of  the  signs  in 
words.  This  will  be  easy,  as  you  know  how  to  write 
the  signs  separately. 

In  the  older  shorthand  methods  the  same  outline 
represents  different  things  if  written  in  different  posi- 
tions,— above,  on  or  below  the  base  line.  But  Dough- 
erty's Shorthand  is  exactly  like  longhand  in  the  fact 
that  the  outlines  mean  exactly  the  same,  wherever  they 
are  written.  In  other  words,  in  the  Dougherty  system 
the  meaning  of  any  outline  depends  entirely  upon  its 
shape — not  at  all  upon  its  position. 

As  in  longhand,  for  the  sake  of  uniformity  of  outline, 
the  first  stroke  of  a  word  rests  on  the  line.  If  it  be  a 
down  stroke,  it  ends  on  the  base  line;  if  an  up  stroke, 
it  begins  at  the  base  line. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND  81 

Thus,  in  the  word  "buy",  "B"  is  the  first  stroke 
and  ends  on  the  base  line,  and  from  that  point  the  "i" 
is  written  without  lifting  the  pencil — downwards,  of 
course,  as  the  "i"  is  always  written  downwards. 

In  the  word  "tie"  the  "t"  begins  at  the  base  line, 
goes  up  two  spaces,  and,  without  lifting  the  pencil, 
the  "i"  is  written  downward  one  space. 

For  the  sizes  of  the  lengthened  strokes,  study  the 
diagram  in  Lesson  VIII. 

Hooks  and  circles  are  not  considered  strokes  and  so 
do  not  rest  on  the  base  line.  Thus,  in  the  word  "spy", 
the  first  stroke  is  "P",  not  the  "S"  hook.  In  "apt", 
the  first  stroke  is  "PT",  not  the  short  "a"  circle;  in 
"oak"  it  is  "K",  not  the  long  "o"  circle. 

Writing  Exercise. 

After  writing  the  entire  list  once,  read  it  carefully 
five  times,  noting  every  sign.  When  you  are  sure  you 
have  every  word  exactly  right,  make  at  least  ten  cor- 
rect copies  of  the  entire  list.  Do  not  leave  this  exer- 
cise until  you  can  write  it  accurately  in  eight  minutes 
or  less — or  at  an  average  of  twenty  words  a  minute. 

buy  lee  dying  *boot 


pie 

leer 

died 

*loot 

lie 

lead 

dried 

*  fruit 

die 

le-ading 

deed 

•flute 

fie 

leader 

loom 

food 

vying 

leaf 

loop 

•fool 

why 

life 

boom 

•tool 

heed 

liven 

booming 

*  jewel 

hide 

lied 

broom 

stool 

whiten 

wife 

deem 

dream 

"Enlarge  "oo"  to  add  "T";  make  it  longer  for  "ool". 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


dreaming 

bend 

men 

frying 

pool 

veer 

dinner 

briar 

dual 

gem 

winner 

fling 

ghoul 

idle 

weed 

empire 

shoe 

idling 

weeding 

pride 

shoot 

eagle 

weeder 

chew  (oo) 

moot 

ply 

wide 

friar 

brute 

fly 

hinder 

liar 

bin 

flying 

wider 

dry 

din 

flew 

shy 

grin 

fin 

plea 

shied 

ill 

gin  (jin) 

pleiad 

sheet 

edge 

pin 

pleading 

chief 

egg 

win 

glue 

chide 

ebb 

wind 

glued 

chin 

etch 

eager 

mood 

bird 

etching 

eagerly 

bloom 

buyer 

pried 

widely 

blooming 

fire 

verb 

church 

gloom 

mire 

proverb 

chirp 

bluing 

jeer 

proper 

churl 

furl 

peer 

confer 

inch 

blur 

deair 

proffer 

stride 

flurry 

wire 

provide 

strew 

blurred 

dire 

so-berly 

stifle 

pen 

lyre 

blunder 

pinch 

den 

were 

pension 

lynch 

when 

fear 

former 

chinch 

pending 

we  're 

providing 

Ben 

lend 

weird 

lurch 

bench 

wend 

pry 

pearl 

DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 
Reading  Exercise. 


83 


Before  studying  this  reading  exercise,  study  para- 
graphs 12,  21  and  22  of  the  General  Principles  and 
keep  them  in  mind  as  you  read  the  shorthand. 


84       DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


\ 


*.  y 


- 


O  W  x.  Q 


C 

-? 


/\  —  -  y\ 


Q  --  . 


s 


?  __  > 

T.-P 

V  "" 


J 


V. 


.^x-  /; 

^p  \,    , ^~ 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


85 


Write  to  Dan. 
Turn  the  crank. 
Was  he  there? 
Call  for  them. 
Hear  him  read. 
Run  to  them. 
Go  to  church. 
Call  the  porter. 
Ring  them  up. 
Turn  the  counter. 
Write  the  card. 
Call  him  up. 
Confer  with  ham. 
Do  not  cry  . 
We  should  go. 
Look  upon  it. 
He  is  ill. 

Prove  the  problem. 
Console  the  porter. 
I  like  pie. 
We  must  go. 
1  know  him. 
Go  to  him. 
Was  he  glad? 
We  are  glad. 
Go  with  them. 
Be  on  time. 
Go  any  time. 
We  were  there. 
Must  we  go? 
T  believe  him. 


The  wind  blew. 
Come  any  time. 
Thank  the  men. 
Go  to  dinner. 
The  tinner  died. 
Improve  the  cartoon. 
Heat  the  glue. 
Can  he  write? 
Burn  the  weed. 
Buy  the  shingle. 
He  was  dreaming. 
Thank  tihe  general. 
Buy  good  things. 
Enter  the  car. 
I  know  them. 
Many  have  gone. 
Stand  by  them. 
Look  at  them. 
Where  is  he? 
Look  at  me. 
Have  them  go. 
Many  were  there. 
He  is  idle. 
The  fool  died. 
The  eagle  flew. 
The  pink  bloomed. 
Strive  to  excel. 
Plead  with  them. 
Ts  he  hurt? 
Ride  the  steed. 
Do  not  reply. 


86 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


LESSON  XI. 

QUIZ. — How  are  the  soundsigns  joined  to  make  words?  On 
what  does  the  meaning  of  an  outline  depend?  Where  should 
an  up-stroke  begin  if  written  alone?  A  down-stroke?  In  words, 
where  should  the  first  stroke  rest?  What  part  of  an  up-stroke 
rests  on  the  line?  A  down-stroke?  Are  hooks  and  circles 
strokes?  Do  hooks  and  circles  rest  on  the  base  line?  In  writ- 
ing the  word  "apple",  for  instance,  where  would  the  circle  be 
written?  Where  would  you  write  the  "S"  hook  in  the  word 
"splash"?  Do  you  see  any  reason  for  writing  hooks  and  cir- 
cles in  this  way?  In  what  three  words  do  we  enlarge  long  "i"? 
What  reason  for  doing  so?  How  do  we  indicate  "th",  "rd", 
etc.,  in  numbers?  What  is  used  as  a  phrase  for  "Dear  Sir" 
at  the  beginning  of  a  letter?  "Yours  truly"  at  the  end  of  a 
letter?  (See  paragraph  26  of  the  General  Principles.) 


perch 

console 

stoop 

imprudent 

purge 

emblem 

expire 

stride 

word 

pier 

stupor 

shingle 

wording 

under 

strew 

stir 

worm 

mingle 

gem 

deport 

firm 

soap 

proof 

expert 

firmer 

social 

collar 

expire 

girl 

vim 

colony 

expend 

gird 

mention 

prove 

extent 

girder 

ferment 

card 

extinct 

birch 

ford 

port 

exempt 

French 

lunch 

porter 

eat 

friend 

jerk 

sober 

eater 

friendly 

Forward 

blurred 

either 

germ 

(for'd) 

improved 

utter 

perjure 

condemn 

reproved 

other 

injure 

collide 

improperly 

(uther) 

ford 

London 

console 

another 

infer 

problem 

prudent 

<?irt 

infringe 

sty 

conferring 

worth 

flinch 

stifle 

proving 

dim.- 

pmher 

stew 

improving 

diner 

DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


87 


light 

drum 

dump 

preach 

lighter 

ian 

lint 

preacher 

lighting 

Dan 

pump 

**carp 

lightning 

Bert 

lump 

**earbon 

white 

burn 

jump 

Carl 

wheat 

fern 

jumble 

carbuncle 

dean 

burner 

mumble 

***county 

pine 

burning 

fumble 

ink 

line 

dirt 

jangle 

link 

lean 

dirk 

dangle 

drink 

ether 

land 

mangle 

chink 

eternal 

coon 

bangle 

bank 

Ethel 

cook 

went 

lank 

week 

empire 

lent 

drank 

weaker 

Myrtle 

bent 

incur 

weakly 

van 

meant 

pleat 

peat 

wink 

pent 

plight 

Peter 

manner 

sheet 

column 

ban 

banner 

peak 

emperor 

man 

bran 

leak 

plan 

bum 

band 

*each 

flirt 

mum 

work 

*leech 

blurt 

gum 

street 

peach 

dumb 

student 

rear 

*ch  may  be  written  alongside  of  long  e,  M  or  V,  but  too 
deep  to  look  like  "8",  thus: 


**Do  not  try  to  join  an  ' '  above-the-line "  sign  when  it  does 
not  join  easily  or  legibly.  Lift  the  pencil  and  start  the  next 
sign  just  beside  it: 

7;  V  J   7  ^  ^  V 

***As  "t"  in  "county"  is  not  in  the  same  syllable  with 
"eoun",  the  "coun"  would  not  be  lengthened  to  add  "t",  as 
it  is  in  count. 


88  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 

The  eagle  can  fly.  Do  I  know  him?  Where  would 
Dan  go?  It  is  very  long.  Look  up  the  General.  It 
will  not  do.  It  will  close  up.  Run  to  the  corner. 
Bring  Dan  the  dime.  The  bird  flew  up.  It  is  very 
windy.  Clyde  is  coming  in.  He  was  calling  there. 
Ben  was  going  by.  The  king  was  there.  He  was  eat- 
ing pie.  The  pie  was  good.  Very,  very,  very  good. 
The  pen  is  blunt.  The  pin  is  short.  Look  in  the  pan. 

Do  come  in  time.  The  time  is  short.  The  cart  is 
empty.  The  light  is  dim.  I  must  go  in.  Most  men 
can  run.  I  can  untie  it.  We  go  to  Jewell.  The  Jew 
is  gone.  Can  the  man  wink?  He  need  not  go.  Uncle 
John  is  here.  Bert  untied  the  cord.  Fern  need  not  go. 
Frank  is  not  here.  Go  to  my  room. 

Here  is  good  candy.  I  need  the  money.  Earl  can 
stand  up.  Look  up  her  book.  Shall  I  close  it?  Bert 
is  quite  shrewd.  Do  eat  the  bun.  Cling  to  the  pennant. 
I  must  eat  dinner.  Every  man  was  just.  Anyone  can 
write  shorthand.  The  good  man  died. 

Myrtle  is  her  friend.  Carl  is  quite  rude.  Do  not 
chew  gum.  I  sold  the  drum.  I  need  the  dime.  The 
pen  is  long.  The  eagle  is  flying.  Lie  in  the  pool.  Buy 
me  a  rifle.  Condemn  no  one  unjustly.  Bring  me  a 
flute.  Do  I  know  them?  Urge  him  to  go.  I  heard 
him  calling.  I  can  earn  money.  Earl  was  here  early. 
The  sturdy  man  stooped.  He  has  a  stool.  Myrtle 
stumbled. 

Which  deed  must  he  bring?  My  uncle  died  in  Janu- 
ary (Jan).  John  is  an  expert  workman.  Her  friend 
went  with  Fanny.  I  can  climb  the  tree.  Dan  can  eat 
the  crumb.  The  girl  is  quite  tired.  The  wind  is  quite 
cool.  John  is  learning  to  read.  My  uncle  is  quite 
stern.  Do  not  cheat  the  chief.  Bert  can  burn  the 
broom.  Frank  can  teach  the  plumber.  John  is  in  the 
bank.  Clvde  trembled  on  the  brink. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND       89 

'.X7 


^ 


/-\  : 


-s  ^  __  ? 
\  s~  x  °-  ^ 


v> 


90 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


LESSON  XII. 

QUIZ. — How  may  "ch"  be  written  alongside  of  "M"  ao 
as  not  to  look  like  an  "S"  hook!  If  an  " above-the-line "  sign 
does  not  join  easily  or  legibly  with  another  sign,  how  should 
it  be  written?  When  would  you  lengthen  the  "coun"  sign  to 
indicate  "t"?  Would  "coun"  be  lengthened  in  "county"! 
Why  do  we  not  join  the  "cor"  sign  to  "B"  or  "P"  as  in 
"carbon"  or  "carp"? 


Writing  Exercises. 


churn 

forthcoming 

thy 

churning 

mansion 

tea 

convene 

concrete 

tree 

plum 

column 

thee 

plumber 

stern 

knee 

plump 

stand 

tire 

frank 

streak 

tin 

prank 

constant 

kin 

dint 

standard 

ten 

dent 

pint 

ken 

winter 

printer 

rum 

intent 

uncommon 

thumb 

Jean 

rye 

thump 

sojourn 

ride 

numb 

pennant 

right 

rumble 

cheat 

rife 

tangle 

cheek 

rifle 

wrangle 

cheeky 

Rhine 

tumble 

dime 

tie 

comply 

lime 

tide 

tumbler 

prime 

tidal 

reading 

grime 

tine 

reader 

learn 

kite 

reef 

learning 

key 

wreath 

foreman 

write 

thunder 

uncle 

tied 

rider 

soaked 

keen 

writhe 

tired 

need 

needing 

neat 

neater 

neither 

curt 

complete 

kindle 

rink 

tinker 

tension 

tinder 

tender 

nearly 

render 

thief 

trimmer 

cool 

cooler 

transform 

rule 

ruler 

ruling 

Turk 

turkey 

turn 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


91 


turning 

room 

angler 

Clyde 

curl 

rude 

needle 

clinch 

eurlL-g 

tomb 

keener 

cling 

term 

toot 

can 

clump 

crank 

tutor 

tan 

tremble 

keyed 

cry 

ran 

tension 

knife 

creed 

than 

intention 

kine 

carpenter 

Nan 

tannin 

rhyme 

Crete 

rank 

tinkle 

crime 

try 

tank 

transpire 

wrench 

treed 

tinner 

temper 

trench 

trying 

tanner 

teach 

•"•runch 

trite 

tanning 

leach 

cringe 

treat 

crumb 

clinging 

transport 

tried 

crumple 

report 

thigh 

trifle 

complied 

reporter 

near 

anger 

climbing 

transient 

tear 

angle 

cleat 

transcendent 

We  do  not  know  them.  I  can  fly  the  kite.  I  must 
write  to  Jim.  Most  men  eat  good  candy.  John  is  in 
the  rink.  Look  not  upon  the  wine.  Buy  the  drum  for 
Lynn.  We  must  burn  the  tree.  I  must  try  to  write. 
We  must  extend  the  time.  Ben  should  light  the  fire. 
T  must  bring  the  bundle.  The  men  like  to  eat.  Go 
bring  the  tin  pan. 

He  can  tie  the  loop.  The  pen  blurred  the  ink.  Can 
Dan  fly  the  kite?  We  are  eating  the  pie.  The  kite 
was  flying  high.  I  can  eat  the  food.  Carl  can  write 
to  Dan.  London  is  wide  and  long.  Can  Carl  stir  the 
tea?  John  must  be  quite  shrewd.  The  street  was  quite 
wide.  The  French  girl  can  read.  He  can  come  to 
dinner.  Most  of  them  have  gone. 

I  am  in  a  hurry.  Dan  can  lead  the  chief.  He  wan 
jeering  the  man.  Can  Glenn  work  the  problem?  The 
girl  is  very  shy.  Must  we  go  to  church?  T  should  be 
on  time.  It  is  quite  like  him.  He  is  in  the  car.  I  think 
it  will  do.  He  is  a  kind  man.  Can  Earl  improve  the 


92  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 

work?     1  can  plant  the  corn.    He  collided  with  a  car. 
I  can  buy  good  pie.     Clinton  is  in  the  street. 

Fling  the  banner  to  the  wind.  The  general  is  in  the 
bank.  The  mink  can  eat  the  hen.  The  men  are  not 
known  here.  The  gerr  is  in  the  mansion.  The  tinner 
is  in  the  rink.  The  plum  is  worth  the  dime.  The 
eagle  is  in  the  tree.  The  man  is  in  the  church.  He 
was  in  the  birch  tree.  The  girl  went  for  the  soap.  Do 
Nan  and  Dan  eat  lunch?  Can  Bert  shoot  a  blue  bird? 
The  flirt  is  in  a  plight.  The  eagle  flew  into  the  fire. 
The  egg  is  on  the  stool.  I  can  hear  the  bird  chirping. 
I  can  buy  the  white  shoe.  The  man  is  in  the  pen. 

Can  Clyde  fly  to  the  moon?  The  work  was  very 
properly  done.  The  thief  is  in  the  bank.  The  girl 
cried  for  the  candy.  Uncle  Dan  can  turn  the  crank. 
The  dirk  is  in  the  dirt.  The  idle  girl  can  eat  the  peach. 
Dan  is  trying  to  fly  the  kite.  I  can  provide  the  money 
we  need.  Ben  blew  a  leaf  into  the  pan.  We  do  not 
provide  food  for  the  men.  Lend  me  a  pen  to  write 
the  word.  The  man  can  write  to  the  other  men.  Ethel 
and  another  girl  are  eating  the  bun.  We  must  learn 
to  write  shorthand  in  the  winter.  Neither  workman 
is  working  on  the  pump.  My  friend  from  New  York 
called  on  me  the  other  forenoon 

Reading  Exercises 


C^    0--    CLj  X    /   ^   V 


O* 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


93 


°-~\ 


94 


LESSON  XIII. 

As  explained  in  paragraph  24  of  the  General  Prin- 
ciples, the  short  sounds  of  "e,"  "i"  and  "u"  are 
usually  omitted  in  the  middle  of  words — not  at  the 
beginning  or  end  of  words. 

Think  of  these  sounds  just  as  definitely  as  though 
you  were  going  to  write  them — but  go  on  without 
writing  them.  Thus,  in  writing  the  word  "buff"  think 
"bu"  as  you  write  the  first  stroke  and  "f"  as  you 
write  the  next  stroke.  Think  of  them  by  their  sounds, 
not  by  their  names. 

In  reading,  remember  where  a  vowel  has  been  omit- 
ted in  the  writing  and  is  to  be  supplied  in  the  reading, 
it  must  be  one  of  these  three  sounds,  as  no  others  are 
ever  omitted.  The  sense  of  the  sentence  will  readily 
show  which  word  is  intended  in  eases  where  more  than 
one  of  the  three  vowels  would  make  a  word.  Thus: 
"This  is  a  better  pencil  than  that;"  "She  was  churn- 
ing the  butter;"  you  would  not  use  "bitter"  or 
"butter"  in  the  first  sentence,  or  "bitter"  or  better'' 
in  the  second  sentence. 

This  is  exactly  the  same  as  in  reading  the  longhand 
word  "bow."  You  cannot  tell  whether  it  is  "bow" 
as  in  "rainbow"  or  "bow"  of  a  boat,  until  you  see 
it  in  a  sentence.  But  when  you  read  "James  made  a 
bow  to  the  audience,"  or  "He  has  a  bow  and  arrow," 
you  know  exactly  how  to  read  the  word.  So  it  is  in 
shorthand. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


95 


Writing  Exercises. 


bed 

picked 

**quantity 

push 

pig 

tick 

*qualify 

vertical 

big 

ticket 

**quality 

regiment 

rub 

tickle 

repel 

bit 

rubber 

peck 

redeem 

bitter 

rib 

fickle 

writ 

exhibit 

bread 

muffle 

written 

mit 

rug 

ruffle 

return 

transmit 

lip 

ripple 

retain 

fit 

leg 

rebel 

demur 

fitted 

bug 

double 

kill 

pet 

lug 

wiggle 

till 

putty 

Shift 

wriggle 

well 

merit 

plush 

rugged 

quick 

but 

shell 

grudge 

pill 

button 

foolish 

gruff 

filler 

butter 

will 

ruffian 

chill 

rebut 

quill 

bereft 

children 

wet 

quilt 

vigor 

pillar 

wetter 

tranquil 

refer 

dell 

gutter 

tranquility 

defer 

dealt 

pit 

bidder 

differ 

weld 

pity 

lid 

definite 

welt 

pitiful 

drug 

indefinite 

filter 

multiply 

drudge 

defect 

bewilder 

project 

puff 

difficult 

melt 

stupid 

red 

deter 

stubble 

***luck 

dub 

determine 

struggler 

***luekv 

middle 

debt 

film 

***Hck  ' 

pick 

debtor 

pilfer 

***liquor 

picket 

*quandary 

cult 

licked 

•"con"  for 

"quan";  "col 

"  for  "qual". 

'•Lengthen 

"con"    for    " 

quant";     lengthen    "col" 

"qualt." 

***Notice  that  "L" 
spaces  wide.  With  "  K ' 
swing  over  the  top  of  ' 
the  beginning  of  "L". 


for 


is  two  spaces  wide  and  "  K "  thr«« 
'  beginning  at  the  end  of  "  L  "  it  will 
L",  ending  one  space  to  the  right  «f 


96  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 

Dig  a  ditch.  Anything  will  do.  Deliver  the  bundle, 
We  met  them.  Will  is  very  portly.  Can  Dick  read 
well?  Learn  to  do  well.  Tell  John  to  go.  Must  we 
tell  them?  He  sold  his  cornet.  It  is  counterfeit  money. 
Willard  is  a  winner.  He  will  probably  go.  Carl  is  in 
college.  The  proprietor  was  prompt.  The  plush  is 
blue.  It  is  quite  muddy.  Dick  sold  his  muffler.  I 
like  rich  milk.  Count  the  ruddy  children.  Evelyn 
went  to  church.  John  upset  the  fudge.  The  prodigal 
has  returned.  It  is  quite  improbable.  Ethel  was  quite 
bewildered. 

Fill  up  the  ditch.  It  is  a  humbug.  Where  is  the 
well?  Dick  drew  a  cartoon.  We  are  quite  well.  His 
conduct  was  improper.  Go  give  it  to  him.  Is  he  a 
just  judge?  I  must  go  to  bed.  Do  tell  me  a  rhyme. 
He  will  shovel  the  dirt.  We  will  read  the  booklet. 
Can  Clyde  lift  the  bucket?  We  must  eat  dinner  quick- 
ly. Fred  is  ready  to  go.  The  cartoon  was  quite  promi- 
nent. Lift  up  the  big  jug.  The  pink  is  quite  pretty. 
Get  the  butter  for  Myrtle.  Willard  can  dig  a  well. 
We  must  remit  the  money.  The  collar  is  very  big. 

I  can  eat  a  pickle.  Mildred  drew  a  vertical  line. 
Richard  will  protect  the  children.  Frederick  felt  quite 
puffed  up.  The  leather  is  quite  tough.  Do  you  relish 
the  food?  Fred  struggled  to  get  free.  Mildred  stum- 
bled and  fell.  Lillian  felt  quite  blue.  We  will  return 
the  felt.  We  expect  to  dig  a  well.  The  rough  man  is 
a  beggar.  The  duck  ran  through  the  mud.  He  fell 
into  a  mud  puddle.  Put  the  cover  on  the  bucket.  The 
villain  lived  in  the  village.  The  miller  is  in  the  mill. 
The  preacher  is  in  the  pulpit.  Permit  me  to  settle  the 
bill.  Willard  will  sit  on  the  bench.  The  river  bed  is 
quite  level. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


97 


98 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


LESSON  XIV. 

QUIZ.— How  are  short  "e",  "i"  and  "u"  written  in  the 
middle  of  words?  How  distinguish,  then,  between  words  which 
would  have  similar  outlines,  as  "lit"  and  "let"?  How  would 
you  know  what  is  meant  by  the  word  "bow"  in  ordinary  print? 
Or  "lead"?  When  you  hear  one  say  "bloo",  how  do  you  know 
what  word  is  intended?  What  signs  would  you  lengthen  to 
make  "quant"  and  "qualt"?  How  should  "K"  be  written 
when  joined  to  "L",  as  in  "luck"?  Why? 

Writing  Exercises. 


construct 

setter 

expel 

nourishment 

judgment 

setting 

excellent 

transmitted 

edify 

settle 

expect 

collect 

shuffle 

settling 

expedite 

connect 

Egyptian 

reset 

experiment 

correct 

prodigal 

sit 

equal 

nothing 

timid 

deficit 

equally 

(nu-thing) 

finish 

transit 

equality 

cornet 

banish 

except 

steadily 

Cornell 

set 

(ex-ept) 

bevel 

inconvertible 

upset 

excel 

nourish 

cardinal 

Do  not  collide  with  the  car.  He  will  fill  up  the  pit. 
I  will  tell  Edith  to  come.  He  will  call  for  the  women. 
The  work  was  very  properly  done.  The  banner  flut- 
tered in  the  wind.  It  is  no  longer  an  experiment. 
Fred  can  write  Edith  a  letter.  Fred  threw  the  pebble 
into  the  river.  I  wish  to  bid  on  the  building.  The 
girl  wept  when  her  pig  died.  The  men  are  building 
the  big  bridge.  I  wish  you  would  collect  the  bill.  The 
big  ship  is  in  the  port.  Did  Dick  and  Fred  like  to 
study  shorthand?  I  can  shovel  the  dirt  into  the  pit. 


B.  0.  BAKER 
LAWTfiR 

PAJLUS, 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


O 


L  /  ^  0. 

-^    ^  X 


^ 


99 


£ 


3 


C-^J- 
\ 


^   ~6  ^)    X 

J 


^^S"37  "      * L 

..  4-6  s~  nyZ-f 

// —  x*-**v/    /3~~ 


^      Q?f 
V-   7^x 


S 


100      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 

Z-N 


?    _D 


?_JD 


C  ?  i 


~xt  i  (X 


?.  I  \ 


'X 


/^/x^-^si      . 

/  C    K  v  ^-**  Vy\  ^_ 


7  ' 


'C 


101 


X 


—          __  -'V* 


> 


102 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


LESSON  XV. 

As  explained  in  paragraphs  18  and  19,  it  is  often 
easier,  and  sometimes  more  legible,  to  indicate  long 
"e"  and  "i"  instead  of  writing  them.  They  are  in" 
dicated  by  the  way  in  which  the  signs  are  joined. 
Study  paragraphs  18  and  19. 

Writing  Exercise. 

peal 

pile 

meal 

mile 

real 

rile 

reap 

ripe 

beat 

bite 

feed 

leap 

cheap 

deep 

dial 

wheel 

while 

weep 

wipe 

kneel 

Nile 

pipe 

peep 

keep 

freak 

type 

team 

knife 


fine 

beadle 

field 

final 

breathe 

fiend 

finally 

ream 

Bryan 

compile 

cream 

bayou 

compete 

creep 

(bi-oo) 

green 

keel 

confine 

mean 

frequently 

profile 

complete 

regal 

transcribe 

finely 

meek 

repeal 

meaning 

feeble 

grieve 

bean 

tremor 

blind 

fleet 

bead 

wiped 

flight 

gleam 

sheep 

tribe 

glean 

shield 

tribal 

extreme 

breeze 

blight 

excite 

breezy 

bright 

excitement 

steel 

league 

fright 

steep 

legal 

reveal 

stripe 

libel 

theme 

style 

genteel 

Tyler 

steeple 

breed 

cheaper 

strike 

bleak 

cheapen 

beast 

meter 

grief 

feast 

meager 

puide 

steam 

veal 

bide 

stream 

brief 

bride 

steamer 

beetle 

bridal 

103 


Tie  his  feet.  Meet  me  there.  Shield  the  men.  Fro- 
long  the  meeting.  The  mud  is  deep.  The  Work  is 
completed.  Myrtle  is  greatly  grieved.  Edward  tran- 
scribed Shorthand  frequently.  We  should  breathe 
deeply.  The  knife  is  quite  dull.  Peter  drew  a  fine 
cartoon.  The  columbine  is  very  pretty.  The  profile 
is  quite  clear.  We  know  very  fine  people. 

She  is  frequently  heard  weeping.  Do  not  excite 
the  man.  Kenneth  is  in  the  meeting.  The  deer  is  quite 
fleet.  The  moon  might  shine  brightly.  The  steeple  is 
extremely  high.  The  lion  might  bite  Leon.  My  grand- 
mother is  quite  feeble.  The  well  is  very  deep.  The 
feeble  teamster  is  blind.  Peter  might  write  very  brief- 
ly. It  was  a  bright  evening.  The  event  greatly  ex- 
cited him. 

He  is  fleet  as  the  wind.  Bryan  is  a  fine  legal  guide. 
Can  the  beetle  creep  a  mile?  The  beggar  might  steal 
the  veal.  Do  men  compete  with  one  another?  I  belong 
to  the  Epworth  League.  The  excitement  was  greater 
than  ever.  We  will  confer  with  them  immediately. 
The  miller  is  in  the  mill.  The  man  is  ill  of  a  fever. 
The  deer  is  a  very  fleet  animal. 

We  have  a  variety  of  food.  Tell  them  immediately 
of  the  meeting.  The  wind  completely  wrecked  the 
building.  He  was  greatly  frightened  by  the  lightning. 
The  beetle  might  creep  on  the  pike.  The  sheep  are  in 
the  green  field.  Peel  the  peach  with  the  bright  knife. 
The  wild  beast  fled  from  the  fiend.  The  Nile  is  very 
deep. — leap  in.  The  steel  pen  is  in  the  cupboard.  T 
mean  it  was  a  fine  team.  The  woman  can  guide  the 
blind  child. 

I  might  meet  the  men  near  the  stream.  We  are 
willing  to  write  to  them  regularly.  The  pig  might 
meet  Dick,  and  bite  him.  Shield  the  blind  man  from 
the  running  team.  The  knife  was  cheaper  than  the 
steel  file.  Did  you  hear  the  peal  of  the  bell?  The 
pennant  might  be  unfurled  in  the  breeze.  The  bird 
might  fly  up  from  the  green  field.  Tan  Carl  drink 


104 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


the  cream  while  he  is  breathing?  Veal  is  good  meat 
for  the  bride  to  eat.  I  might  buy  a  team  and  find  real 
work.  Can  the  wheel  be  turned  while  we  move  the 
reaper?  Can  the  man  read  the  meter,  while  we  cook 
the  beet? 

Reading  Exercises. 


QUIZ. — How  are  long  "e."  and  "i"  often  indicated  with 
out  being  actually  written?  Why!  Would  "e"  be  indicated 
in  "weed"f  "peach"?  "keep"?  "peal"?"  Why?  "i"  in 
"write"?  "might"?  "wide"?  "life"?  Why?  Why  not 
indicate  "i"  in  "shine"?  "e"  in  "lean"?  In  \vliat  Common 
words  may  "S"  he  used  to  suggest  "Sh"? 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


105 


106      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


o  w  O 


\ 


I  _D  V  ^  9 


107 


LESSON  XVI. 

The  circles  are  joined  in  the  easiest  way  —  merely 
because  the  writing  is  so  much  more  easily  done;  they 
mean  exactly  the  same,  however  they  are  joined. 

But  be  careful  about  the  relative  sizes  of  the  various 
circles  —  just  as  you  must  be  in  writing  the  longhand 
"e"  and  "1". 

When  a  circle  comes  between  two  strokes  which 
would  join  with  an  angle  if  the  circle  were  not  there, 
always  write  the  circle  so  that  it  will  be  outside  of 
the  angle  —  because  it  is  so  much  easier  that  way.  Thus  : 


y\  A 


And  when  a  circle  is  joined  to  a  curved  stroke  it  is 
easier  to  let  the  circle  follow  the  swing  of  the  curve. 
Thus  : 


6* 


See  how  much  easier  the  first  combination  in  each 
group  is  than  the  other: 


XV_    than    X*l_ 


than 


s-O 


108 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


Be  sure  to  write  the  circle  so  that  the  strokes  will 
show  full  length  (all  of  the  circle  beyond  the  point  at 
which  the  strokes  would  join  if  there  were  no  circle)  : 


'.**'.'. 


not 


•Join   the  flattened   circle    (long  "u"^    alongside   of 
strokes,  without  adding  to  the  length  of  the  strokes: 


Circles  are  not  considered  strokes  (see  eighth  para 
graph  of  Lesson  X.) 


bat 

bath 

In  at 

moth 

boat 

bought 

both 

bother 

fat 

froth 

fraught 

matter 

fad 

fraud 

fodder 

mad 

k,d 

cad 

dad 

Tom 

roam 

cat 


code 

rod 

narrow 

Cora 

dot 

Dora 

dart 

Xora 

dog 

caught 

got 

kodak 

goat 

goal 

counteract 

bov.l 

dock 

ball 

dark 

bolt 

cot 

calf 

coat 

Kaffir 

rack 

cough 

tack 

doll 

talk 

dollar 

walk 

droll 

woke 

tyro 

wad 

Cairo 

ward 

coke 

cod 

dough 

bottom 

few 

rock 

feud 

pew 

mew 

mute 

lite 

youth 

cue 

cure 

fuel 

fewer 

pure 

new 

feudal 

figure 

huge 

union 

Coe 

foe 

Joe 

Po 

counterpane 

pope 

cove 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND      109 

wrote  awed  gash  morning 

Don  ode  raash  ore 

darn  *lack  gnash  pour 

dawn  *lock  crash  jar 

account  *lark  dash  quart 

don't  lacking  shower  quack 

fall  locket  Jap  quote 

fault  *local  Japan  quoth 

follow  lacked  pole  wan 

badly  locked  dote  warn 

forbade  shallow  foam  want 

am  shabby  Allen  won't 

abbey  cash  alley  cocoon 

add  cashier  ally  gorge 

odd  lash  track 

Write  the  note.  Examine  the  document.  Interview 
the  tinner.  All  men  think.  Go  to  Aberdeen.  We 
work  hard.  Turn  him  out.  Shoot  the  hawk.  Catch 
many  carp.  Attend  the  auction.  Hear  the  crash.  Men- 
tion the  fact.  Would  you  go?  I  like  you.  Throw 
the  ball. 

Catch  the  thief.  Roll  the  hoop.  Close  the  door. 
George  is  shrewd.  Counteract  his  influence.  Add  the 
column.  Countermand  the  order.  All  have  gone.  It 
is  strong.  It  will  rain.  Believe  me  now.  All  men  lie. 

Do  nothing  rashly.  Judge  not  harshly.  Avoid  their 
enmity.  Finish  the  shaft.  Wash  the  radish.  Shovel 
the  coal.  Draw  a  picture.  Propel  the  boat.  Improve 
your  opportunity.  Collect  the  account.  Correct  the 
carbon.  Promote  the  institution.  Banish  all  fear.  Join 
the  association.  Collect  the  amount.  Dig  the  hole. 
He  fell  down.  He  traveled  far. 


footnote  ***  of  Lesson  XTTT. 


110  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


111 


LESSON  XVII. 

QUIZ. — Does  it  make  any  difference  in  the  meaning  of  A 
word  which  side  of  a  stroke  the  circle  is  written?  How  many 
different  sizes  of  circles  are  there?  What  two  suggestions  are 
given  in  regard  to  writing  a  circle  between  two  strokes?  Where 
would  a  circle  be  written  on  a  straight  line?  Where  on  a 
curved  line?  Why  should  the  entire  circle  go  below  the  base 
line  in  the  words  "boat",  "bat",  "oak"?  How  is  the  long 
"u"  sign  joined  to  strokes?  Does  it  add  to  the  length  of  the 
stroke  to  which  it  is  joined?  Are  circles  considered  strokes? 
Does  a  circle  ever  rest  on  the  base  line?  When?  (Only  when  it 
stands  alone  or  is  the  first  word  of  a  phrase;  in  the  latter  case 
it  is  written  just  where  it  would  be  if  written  alone — on  the 
base  line.) 


par 

part 

tar 

tart 

trot 

token 

soda 

solo 

chromo 

cam 

camera 

promote 

cow 

cower 

coward 

now 

row 

towel 

fowl 

cowl 


Writing 

Exercises. 

owl 

lobe 

how 

loaf 

Howard 

job 

howl 

jobber 

out 

Job 

(o-oot) 

Joab 

stout 

Noah 

stouter 

boa 

Jane 

laugh 

cap 

pone 

cop 

pony 

crop 

abash 

copper 

abode 

capital 

awoke 

captain 

George 

point 

attack 

drop 

pad 

lap 

pod 

lop 

cope 

lope 

jog 

jam 

jaw 

*old 

*hold 

^conclude 

*exclude 

joy 

(j-aw-e) 
snjoy 
join 

(jaw-in) 
coin 
enjoin 
enjoyment 
joint 
daughter 
water 
walked 
talked 
Maude 


*See  Paragraph  16  of  the  General  Principles. 


112 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


abide 

Fido 

loam 

brat 

batter 

brought 

train 

main 

maintain 

window 

lane 

vain 

vainly 

Wayne 

territory 

oil 

boil 

soil 

coil 

past 

post 

exhaust 

Most  of  them  quit.  Do  you  know  him?  Where 
would  you  go?  Every  man  has  money.  I  have  known 
him.  How  far  is  it?  He  is  very  strong.  Was  he  at 
home?  They  are  all  gone.  Agree  to  go  along.  Print 
the  magazine  regularly.  Hear  the  dog  bark.  Do  you 
like  shorthand?  Do  you  know  them?  Do  you  like 
him?  Mr.  Allen  is  here.  Our  town  is  large.  The  gown 
is  white. 

The  cane  was  broken.  Has  he  gone  far?  Look  at 
the  dog.  Owe  no  man  anything.  Watch  the  sham 
battle.  The  ball  is  round.  What  is  his  strength?  Open 
wide  the  door.  The  water  is  pure.  Joe  has  been  hurt. 
Is  your  ax  sharp?  Is  that  plane  sharp?  Is  he  a  coward? 
He  was  not  accountable.  It  is  very  inconvenient. 

Prop  the  corner  post.  The  porthole  was  closed.  The 
shoe  is  large.  The  creek  is  shallow.  Ralph  is  the 


papa 

contract 

draft 

polite 

power 

hope 

mode 

powerful 

open 

modern 

confound 

napkin 

pain 

appear 

lamb 

Paul 

appeal 

rain 

pole 

back 

dower 

polar 

balk 

endow 

pat 

gap 

protract 

patter 

wrapper 

bower 

pot 

rapt 

mow 

range 

patch 

kraut 

arrange 

wrapping 

cane 

arrangement 

grapnel 

crane 

Poland 

nap 

drain 

tack 

knot 

Dane 

tacked 

naught 

bane 

crack 

north 

brain 

cracker 

note 

remain 

apt 

propound 

remainder 

apple 

gnat 

refrain 

apply 

pop 

feign 

DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


113 


cashier.  Go  with  them  now.  Do  not  detain  me.  Roland 
went  to  Rome.  The  valley  is  beautiful.  Madge  is  ex- 
tremely excitable.  How  old  is  William?  Dig  the  hole 
deep.  I  fell  down  fiat.  T  have  your  letter.  Is  the 
dog  dead?  The  ox  is  dead.  The  time  passed  quickly. 
The  train  was  wrecked.  Show  Homer  the  sheep.  Why 
did  you  not  go?  Jane  is  quite  ill.  The  rain  may  fall. 
Harry  found  a  dime.  Nellie,  show  your  power. 


114  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


•*•*     *^ 


\  x  — 


V 


~/ 


'•"''Pi/' 

^V"    * 


\^~. 


fc  /  w 


<< 

'AC 


/^: 

<5^  U 


V. 


V      O 


X    - 


LESSON  XVIII. 
Writing  Exercises, 


gavel 

lower 

flounder 

army 

attention 

law 

fawn 

throw 

statue 

oath 

emphatic 

flag 

statute 

Ute 

obedient 

frog 

stature 

amount 

bromide 

brought 

statuary 

(amt) 

lag 

coffer 

plow 

found 

log 

drawn 

boy 

(f-o-un-d) 

laggard 

balking 

alloy 

bound 

drag 

tap 

lawyer 

bond 

dagger 

top 

toy 

pound 

doggerel 

bawble 

moisture 

pond 

gab 

codify 

institute 

round 

brag 

oddity 

flash 

brown 

braggart 

commodity 

sham 

frown 

gabble 

occur 

ash 

crown 

gobble 

trap 

ashen 

drown 

whole 

trapper 

combat 

lobster 

concoct 

trapping 

comrade 

strap 

raft 

trapped 

Emma 

straw 

Taft 

pronoun 

fond 

widow 

profound 

paragraph 

rope 

toadstool 

craft 

coin 

stop 

straggle 

opinion 

barn 

stock 

stone 

strain 

military 

stack 

arrow 

Alma 

(a-e) 

start 

fathom 

adder 

Madge 

starter 

motto 

mottled 

badge 

startle 

stain 

gobbler 

aloe 

coffin 

gown 

drab 

thaw 

odium 

ground 

amid 

thought 

auditor 

Don 

art 

large 

oak 

down 

ark 

largely 

low 

clown 

alarm 

partly 

116 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


yarn 

yard 

mark 

market 

pardon 

guard 


throat 

oddly 

mock 

Modoc 

map 

mop 


chop 

chapel 

chattel 

chatter 

toad 

total 


rattle 

radical 

battle 

bottle 

acting 

offer 


He  had  not  gone  far.  How  long  is  the  pole?  How 
large  is  the  barrel?  Joe  is  larger  than  Henry.  How 
large  is  the  shop?  He  was  at  the  shop.  Portland  is  a 
large  town.  It  has  cleared  off  now.  All  things  are 
now  ready.  How  much  cash  have  you?  Paul  broke 
the  long  pole.  Walter  bought  a  new  wagon.  Willard 
is  six  feet  tall.  Fill  the  tub  with  water.  Do  you  like 
the  piano?  Have  you  a  new  hatchet?  Buy  a  new  tin 
cup.  How  big  is  the  tub?  What  color  is  the  collar? 
I  need  a  new  lamp.  Everything  was  in  the  garden. 
Here  is  a  rough  floor.  Powhattan  was  an  Indian  chief. 
That  man  is  a  burglar.  Will  Don  go  with  John?  The 
amount  was  not  large.  The  large  stone  had  fallen. 
Jack  found  the  broken  bow.  Where  is  the  large  boat? 
Harold  found  the  old  clock.  Tom  rode  the  black  steed. 
Alfred  bought  a  new  oar.  Ralph  told  a  short  story. 
Willard  bought  a  brown  dog.  What  has  that  boy 
found?  The  plot  has  been  revealed.  Robert  will  arrive 
tomorrow. 

Reading  Exercise. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND  11? 


J 


^  *  —  <-s  1 


j  j 

iS         ff\ 


0 


Xl 


\ 


<J 


\  r    ^ 


*£xt}  •'  r      /- 


O   . 


118 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


LESSON  XIX. 
Writing  Exercises. 


afford 

exhaustion 

Wabash 

mellow 

quack 

tackle 

auction 

aversion 

father 

tract 

ancient 

union 

acquire 

attract 

particle 

yule 

rotten 

attacked 

topple 

huge 

attire 

active 

politic 

humor 

mote 

croak 

catch 

cucumber 

motor 

endure 

foretop 

tag 

view 

verdure 

adjournment  rag 

purview 

cold 

warmly 

bog 

cattle 

colt 

empower 

magpie 

futile 

rash 

imagine 

rove 

attain 

trash 

compact 

rally 

alone 

shop 

execution 

Rollo 

detain 

sharp 

population 

pack 

dome 

show 

motive 

toll 

comb 

shatter 

account 

poke 

arraign 

pshaw 

promote 

poker 

latch 

cashed 

argue 

travel 

match 

mash 

argument 

wove 

Arthur 

mashed 

garment 

wall 

ardor 

dash 

bar 

*acute 

article 

dashed 

cab 

act 

park 

wash 

crab 

**actual 

mildew 

washed 

crag 

Walter 

chapter 

action 

wag 

vast 

order 

shaft 

cap 

accent 

fragment 

washing 

cog 

(ax-ept) 

erection 

Washington 

jello 

axle 

translation 

blast 

fellow 

pillow 

•Lengthen  "u"  for  "ute". 

*»Act-ul;  lengthen  "K"  for  "kt"  and  "u"  for  "ul". 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND      119 

caterpillar      moment          explode          bowwow 
explain  phonograph   program         powwow 

Do  you  owe  him  anything  now?  "We  found  them  all 
at  home.  I  bought  a  new  oil  can.  Maude  can  ride  on 
an  ox.  Frank  has  quite  a  bad  cough.  All  of  them 
have  moved  out.  The  crane  is  a  tall  bird.  The  creek 
is  in  the  valley.  His  mamma  bought  him  a  drum.  The 
apple  is  in  the  jar.  I  bought  a  box  of  soap.  Did  you 
hear  the  dog  howl?  The  corn  crop  is  very  poor.  Pure 
gold  is  not  poor  gold.  The  cattle  are  in  the  field 
Nora  wrote  a  note  to  Maud.  Can  your  aunt  write  a 
dot? 

I  found  him  in  the  yard.  The  cat  is  after  the  rat. 
The  cow  is  in  the  barn.  John  can  make  a  good  bow. 
Irene  is  wearing  a  new  gown.  The  ground  is  cold  and 
muddy.  They  sold  the  cabin  to  Robert.  Dr.  Brown  is 
a  powerful  man.  I  won't  go  home  till  morning. 
Mamma  has  bought  a  new  counterpane.  I  shall  go  at 
any  time.  He  ought  to  be  a  judge.  Do  you  like  the 
new  judge?  You  ought  to  come  for  them.  I  assure 
you  all  is  well.  It  is  as  short  as  ever.  I  shall  be  able 
to  go.  Cut  the  wood  with  the  axe.  Did  the  big  bug 
eat  anything?  The  pig  is  in  the  meadow.  Do  you  like 
the  new  rug?  How  much  cash  have  you?  Cut  down 
the  old  tree  now.  What  kind  of  tree  is  it  ?  Don  went 
down  town  before  dawn.  Can  a  dog  write  a  dot? 

I  have  a  pain  in  my  jaw.  Haul  out  the  dirt  in  the 
wagon.  He  was  badly  burned  by  the  fire.  John  might 
work  and  earn  a  dollar.  Tell  me  how  far  you  can  run. 
I  have  been  gone  a  long  time.  I  regard  him  as  a  great 
man.  The  tub  is  now  full  of  water.  The  man  was 
drowned  in  the  flood.  The  sharp  ax  is  in  the  shop. 
What  did  you  give  for  your  hatchet?  What  is  the 
height  of  the  tower?  How  far  from  town  is  the  park? 
The  large  stone  fell  into  the  gravel. 

Tom  wore  his  new  cap  to  church.  The  copper  kettle 
is  on  the  stove.  We  now  keep  onr  now  in  the  barn. 


120 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


The  trunk  was  broken  open  by  the  fall.  Noah  threw 
the  stone  into  the  deep  pond.  I  ought  to  buy  a  pound 
of  coffee.  1  cannot  afford  to  go  with  them  now.  Did 
you  expect  to  chop  down  that  tree?  Do  you  know 
the  extent  of  the  injury?  The  printer  bought  a  pound 
can  of  ink.  No,  we  want  to  go  to  the  mountain.  When 
do  you  intend  to  sow  your  wheat?  He  is  a  sober  man 
and  a  hard  worker.  1  found  he  was  very  fond  of 
chicken  pie.  He  was  bound  up  by  a  bond  for  $5,000. 
We  must  notify  the  workman  to  be  on  hand  tomorrow. 
He  wore  the  badge  on  the  lapel  of  his  coat.  I  dropped 
a  pound  of  meat  into  the  pond.  Which  of  the  men 
have  been  in  town  for  a  year.  A  few  of  the  men  knew 
of  his  action  in  the  matter. 

Reading1  Exercises. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND      121 


\  ^ 


I 

x,  x 


>. 


J 


>^j<' 

X^NO^^J 


s-#^^~\* 


rv 


/-V4 


Vr^-<  ^v 


o  ---'I    • 


x  ^^  ^ 

x 


122 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


LESSON  XX. 

Long  "a"  is  written  as  a  dot  when  standing  alone, 
but  is  always  joined  when  there  is  any  sign  to  which 
it  can  be  joined;  and  when  joined  it  is  written  exactly 
the  same  as  any  open  circle,  but  so  small  as  to  close  it 
up  into  a  dot: 


In  joining  long  "a"  to  other  signs,  do  not  make  it 
by  pressing  harder  on  the  pencil,  nor  by  making  sev- 
eral circular  strokes  to  fill  up  the  circle  into  a  dot; 
practice  writing  it  until  you  can  write  it  with  a  con- 
tinued, smooth  motion  of  the  pencil,  making  it  show 
as  a  dot  uniformly;  it  is  a  good  plan  to  start  with  an 
open  circle,  as  shown  below,  and  write  it  again  and 
again,  making  it  smaller  and  smaller  each  time  until 
you  have  it  closed  up  with  the  one  circular  stroke  of 
the  pencil.  V-  V- 


fay 

fail 

neigh 

natal 

frail 

ail 

ailment 

failure 

fade 

aid 

ate 

fate 

faith 

fable 


bay 

brocade 

bait 

brave 

bathe 

may 

bake 

mate 

bale 

made 

babel 

make 

pay 

mail 

payment 

Nate 

pave 

grape 

pavement 

moderat 

gauge 

Kate 

vapor 

Nathan 

engage 

tomato 

engagement 

Cato 

Writing  Exercises. 


Tacoma 


game 

gave 

grave 

gale 

gala 

gaily 

raiment 

firmament 

gablo 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


123 


Abe 

fame 

frame 

freight 

frayed 

afraid 

parquet 

wage 

perforate 

cater 

cake 

cave 

create 

creator 

croquet 

lay 

labor 

tape 

nail 

label 

lake 

Malay 

weigh 

wade 

wait 

waiter 

waif 

wafer 

wake 

waking 

Is  Amy  here?  Push  the  gate.  He  came  back, 
write  daily.  We  like  cake.  Edwin  came  home, 
ate  dinner.  Mable  became  tired.  Is  he  able?  Eat  with 
Amy.  Pay  the  doctor.  Pay  the  bill.  Comb  his  hair. 
Shave  the  man.  He  is  brave.  Wade  the  brook.  Take 
the  car.  They  have  gone.  Are  they  glad?  Issue  the 
paper.  It  would  pay.  They  study  diligently.  Love 
our  nation.  Pay  strict  attention.  Stay  till  noon.  Take 
prompt  action.  They  drank  coffee. 


waken 

staid 

wail 

waked 

straight 

quail 

wakeful 

straighten 

quailing 

age 

paste 

caper 

rage 

taste 

donate 

stage 

waist 

donation 

page 

statement 

jail 

cage 

stamen 

jailer 

neighbor 

arcade 

constable 

obey 

stockade 

gamester 

day 

concave 

cape 

date 

Yucatan 

ration 

dame 

rate 

chagrin 

holiday 

tray 

rave 

aim 

portray 

collate 

Dave 

portrait 

corroborate 

daily 

portraiture 

Carbondale 

dale 

quake 

shay 

ray 

take 

shale 

raid 

ache 

shade 

rake 

acre 

shake 

raking 

taking 

shape 

raked 

taken 

shave 

stay 

inveigh 

shady 

stale 

purvey 

wager 

state 

convey 

major 

stake 

conveyed 

away 

stable 

ague 

Amy 

staple 

tail 

stray 

rail 

They 
We 


124      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 

Rock  the  little  baby.  The  judge  went  away.  The 
conductor  ran  away.  They  write  shorthand  rapidly. 
Did  you  pay  it  ?  Ask  for  my  mail.  The  agent  was  in. 
He  waded  the  brook.  They  must  go  far.  They  have 
great  strength.  Strong  men  often  fail.  Dayton  is  in 
Ohio.  Is  it  hot  today  ?  Ralph  might  aid  Jack.  Mable 
read  the  fable.  Carl  won  a  wager.  The  quail  took 
flight.  Margaret  ate  the  tomato.  He  won  a  wager. 
The  agent  is  out.  I  sold  valuable  property.  Do  you 
believe  him?  Watch  the  men  excavating.  He  made 
proper  application.  Harold  has  the  toothache.  The 
quail  took  flight  immediately.  They  returned  in  due 
time.  Nathan  coached  the  ball  team. 

They  were  among  the  men.  Be  sure  you  are  able. 
He  is  able  to  sing.  It  was  a  fatal  accident.  How  high 
can  Ned  jump?  Paul  ought  to  obey  Kate.  Washing- 
ton was  a  brave  soldier.  Many  may  attend  church 
now.  Fido  might  bite  Kate.  Abe  has  faith  in  the 
waif.  Pour  the  gravy  into  the  bowl.  I  may  sing  in  the 
chapel.  They  paid  cash  for  the  coach.  Mr.  Baker  fre- 
quently came  to  church.  They  played  croquet  on  the 
lawn.  Everything  was  donated  by  the  lodge.  Lay  the 
book  on  the  shelf.  Can  you  draw  a  straight  line? 
Willard  will  go  to  town  today.  They  look  quite  like 
each  other.  They  are  reading  tbe  paper  now.  Will 
they  go  to  town  today?  Joe  paid  cash  for  the  pump. 
I  enjoy  reading  the  daily  paper. 

The  company  was  paid  for  the  pavement.  The  mule 
ran  away  from  the  man.  Anna  knew  how  to  make  a 
cake.  The  cattle  ate  all  of  the  fodder.  They  caught 
the  trout  in  the  river.  The  dog  made  a  dash  for  the 
gate.  The  children  must  pay  attention  to  her  talk. 
The  young  man  ought  to  learn  a  trade.  We  have  had 
no  reply  from  him  today.  They  do  not  provide  food 
for  the  ape.  May  they  attach  the  flag  to  the  pole? 
They  rode  in  the  cab  to  the  party.  Jane  may  pay  the 
coin  to  join  the  lodge.  He  was  awakened  by  a  loud 
clap  of  thunder.  The  lame  man  walked  by  the  aid  of 
a  cane. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND  125 

C 


6 


^  ^~\f 


o  \ 


-S  "V  /c^r\-^~  ^s^  J/  vm  V\^^4 

I  r      _  I         I  -X  .  ^s    /'  S~. 

\_^C  ^txS'   ^«JU**-'    v-^ 


w 


^1^ 


v--^ 

/D 


_or 


£^ 


O    ^  ^e 


xofc 


^/  --  v-^y- 


cr^\ 


C 


.  V?  °V 


^     ^ 


^ 


o         _ 


126      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


LESSON  XXI. 

QUIZ.  —  How  is  long  "&"  written  when  it  stands  alone? 
When  joined?  How  many  times  should  you  go  around  in 
making  a  long  "a"  dot?  How  should  a  dot  be  written?  (See 
the  last  paragraph  of  Lesson  VI.) 

Join  "S"  in  the  easiest  way  —  forward  on  straight 
lines  and  following  the  swing  of  curves.  (See  Lesson 
VII.) 

"Sh"  at  the  end  of  strokes  can  often  be  written  as 
a  hook;  but  it  must  always  be  written  downward  and 
end  or  swing  toward  the  left.  Note  the  difference  be- 
tween "Sh"  hooks  and  "S"  hooks: 

Bsh  Bs  Msh  Ms  Gsh  Gs  Rsh  Rs  Wsh  Ws  Ksh  Ks 

j  i   *x     j  L    s>  s    -> 

Fsh  Fs  Dsh  Ds 


Note  :  —  As  will  be  seen  in  the  above  examples,  at  the 
end  of  "K",  "F"  and  "D"  the  "S"  and  "Sh"  hooks 
are  exactly  the  same;  but  no  confusion  can  result 
in  these  cases. 

Hooks  do  not  add  any  to  the  length  of  strokes  to 
which  they  are  joined.  Thus,  "SB"  would  be  only 
two  spaces  high,  the  same  as  the  "B"  alone.  So  with 
"Msh",  etc. 


x 

Hooks   are   not  considered   strokes,   and  would   not 
rest  on  the  line.     (See  eighth  paragraph  of  Lesson  X.) 

Writing  Exercises. 

see  cedar  concede          conceit 

seed  proceed  seat  soon 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


127 


foreseen 

spoken 

skates 

tries 

unseen 

spade 

Scot 

squeeze 

unforeseen 

swish 

scow 

crease 

seem 

cues 

scout 

increase 

unseemly 

accuse 

scowl 

police 

seek 

pews 

skin 

comprise 

physique 

dues 

sphere 

wades 

siege 

juice 

sneeze 

wakes 

perceive 

fuse 

snooze 

raids 

Sedan 

refuse 

snap 

trades 

fancy 

amuse 

sin 

takes 

mercy 

abuse 

since 

raps 

sigh 

confuse 

sinful 

wages 

sight 

profuse 

send 

patches 

foresight 

conduce 

ease 

matches 

insight 

produce 

easy 

catches 

side 

cures 

lease 

learns 

beside 

news 

piece 

burns 

cider 

figures 

sees 

turns 

inside 

sick 

rice 

taps 

reside 

said 

mice 

traps 

sign 

decease 

pods 

rages 

design 

sell 

purse 

cages 

consign 

speed 

some 

pads 

sue 

spider 

something 

leans 

suit 

spat 

prize 

furs 

pursue 

spot 

nice 

curse 

pursuit 

spurs 

knees 

nurse 

persuade 

sparrow 

keys 

tails 

soup 

Spain 

fees 

eats 

Soudan 

sly 

tease 

cats 

spy 

slide 

these 

cheats 

spire 

slice 

ties 

terse 

conspire 

slab 

buys 

wins 

spry 

slope 

wise 

quince 

speak 

lapse 

size 

convince 

spike 

slur 

dies 

province 

spake 

slurs 

geese 

fans 

spoke 

sky 

cheese 

manse 

128      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 

dance  flames  circles  *fulsome 

chance  wags  serf  *cumbersome 

France  drags  serfs  *facsimile 

lance  surprise  sues  *insist 

glance  surplus  goose  *persist 

appearance    search  boots  *desist 

seems  surge  toots  *consist 

James  concern  rules  *consistent 

games  concert  schools  *consider 

lambs  insert  cellar 

The  log  floats.  Birds  can  fly.  See  him  skate.  Buy 
good  things.  She  got  up.  Rent  the  house.  They 
fought  fiercely.  Kate  ate  eggs.  The  rain  descended. 
Sometimes  cars  collide.  Every  concern  prospered. 
Roscoe  rents  houses.  Print  some  labels.  Soap  the 
clothes.  AVe  sowed  oats.  Count  the  cans.  Make  some 
counters.  Move  up  silently.  Continue  your  calls.  Some 
are  noble.  Shade  your  eyes.  Shingle  the  house.  See 
the  flash.  Carts  carry  carpenters.  Buy  a  scarf.  Can 
you  skate? 

Who  else  goes?  It  will  sink.  Every  man  dis- 
appeared. My  father  walks.  Hear  Tom  sneeze.  Con- 
dense the  vapor.  Count  the  reports.  Concentrate  your 
attention.  Be  good  girls.  Go  with  us.  Up  he  goes. 
Acknowledge  the  receipt.  Issue  more  papers.  Count 
the  ducks.  Can  ducks  swim?  Be  at  school.  Count  the 
corks.  Are  you  able?  Some  dogs  bite.  Purchase  more 
meat.  The  judge  smiles.  Confide  in  us.  "Wake  from 
sleep.  Are  you  sick?  Yes,  he  swims.  They  slept  well. 
Purchase  a  shovel.  Some  wolves  growl.  Stick  pins 
here.  Plants  grow  rapidly.  Consider  the  lilies.  They 
labor  energetically.  Ragged  boys  shiver.  Pick  the 
goose.  Eat  the  pickles. 

Roads  are  muddy.  Maude  spoke  wearily.  Elect  him 
president.  Reporters  write  rapidly.  Cease  from  evil. 

*  If   signs   do   not   join   easily,   lift   the   pencil   and   write 
the  next  sign  or  syllable  close  to  the  preceding  sign. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND, 

Secure  an  education.  Snakes  sometimes  bite.  Sell  the 
cows.  Sharpen  the  pencil.  Rescue  the  perishing.  He 
is  anxious.  Rover  is  vicious.  He  is  foolish.  She  is 
discontented.  Promise  him  nothing.  Such  a  discord. 
The  snow  fell.  Cash  the  checks.  Get  the  supper.  Buy 
some  drugs.  Console  the  professor.  They  sell  phono- 
graphs. He  is  invincible.  Are  you  anxious?  Ducks 
swim  gaily.  Villages  are  little.  Villains  are  wicked. 
Robert  shot  rabbits.  Progress  more  rapidly.  Consider 
the  proverb.  Produce  great  profits.  Condense  their 
reports.  Protect  those  cornets.  Approach  him  cau- 
tiously. They  write  easily.  Invite  your  neighbors.  We 
feed  pigs.  Secure  payment  soon. 

He  beats  the  drum.  How  deep  are  wells?  See  the 
ox  team.  Direct  the  boys  wisely.  We  soon  met  them. 
The  sun  shines  brightly.  Proceed  with  the  work.  Use 
the  corn  meaL  Seek  the  man  diligently.  The  session 
is  over.  The  disease  is  contagious.  What  process  was 
taken?  They  are  much  concerned.  Count  your  profits 
now.  The  professor  is  conceited.  This  will  counter- 
balance that.  Pick  up  the  chips.  See  the  big  trees. 
Cars  run  close  together.  Who  else  was  there?  Mice 
run  from  cats.  This  water  is  pure.  Consent  to  noth- 
ing foolish.  Do  you  ever  specialize  ?  He  is  quite  whim- 
sical. Hear  the  whistle  blow.  We  have  enough 
apples.  Everybody  else  said  no.  Did  you  see  them? 
He  left  his  comrades.  Every  strong  man  dies.  It 
would  seem  short.  See  the  fox  run.  Are  they  good 
girls?  He  reads  shorthand  easily.  Answer  the  tele- 
phone call.  See  the  snow  fall.  Mrs.  Burns  was  there. 
Owls  hoot  at  night.  Comply  with  our  rules.  He  comes 
here  often.  Do  they  know  us?  Cars  run  far  apart. 
Ask  for  a  receipt.  Are  you  convinced  now?  In  due 
time  descend.  Howard  won  a  prize.  She  is  a  pronoun. 
He  is  too  unconcerned.  See  the  cedar  tree.  Six  courses 
were  served. 

The  slim  man  is  silly.  They  have  received  no  reply. 
The  dog's  name  is  Sport.  If  he  comes,  I  go.  Some  of 


130 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


them  are  giants.  The  lights  are  quite  dim.  Buy  a  boi 
of  matches.  Do  not  tease  the  cat.  She  has  an  old 
cane.  We  may  find  some  ferns.  We  are  anxious  about 
Fred.  Did  the  new  shoes  fit!  Do  not  run  the  risk. 
Every  one  looks  back  here.  That  man  sells  dry  goods. 
The  sky  overhead  is  blue.  The  dress  is  quite  fine.  The 
word  is  used  incorrectly.  The  scholar  is  progressing 
nicely.  I  consider  him  very  dull.  I  was  glad  to  see 
him.  We  may  wear  new  shoes  now.  The  banner  flut- 
tered in  the  breeze.  He  has  knowledge  of  the  business. 
Did  the  bird  swallow  the  bug?  Did  you  ever  see  a 
ship  ?  Buy  me  a  pair  of  cuffs. 

We  have  had  a  variety  of  exercises.  I  am  very  fond 
of  green  beans.  Is  there  a  fire  in  the  furnace?  The 
judge  fails  to  mention  the  matter.  I  know  the  size  of 
the  sun.  He  has  given  us  his  final  answer.  She  was 
greatly  grieved  over  the  misfortune.  Our  boys  have 
bought  new  drums.  Joe  bought  a  pair  of  shoes  today. 
I  will  sue  the  editor  for  libel.  I  drew  some  water  from 
the  deep  well.  They  must  go  down  to  see  them  at 
once.  One  of  the  boys  was  drowned  in  the  bay.  Mr. 
Tyler  sank  to  the  bottom  of  the  ocean.  We  are  willing 
to  correspond  with  them  regularly. 


Reading  Exercises. 


<>\/\  w 


0-1  X 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.      131 


> 


/ 


o^>  J/ 


^_o/ 


__  y  ,  L 


>•  -^  ~^\^  —  <^\ 


i 

I  —  -P, 


x  «- 


132 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  XXII. 

QUIZ. — When  is  "S"  a  hook?  In  a  general  way  how  is 
"S"  joined  to  straight  lines?  To  curved  lines?  What  is  the 
difference  between  an  "S"  hook  and  an  "Sh"  hook?  Does  a 
hook  add  any  to  the  length  of  a  stroke  to  which  it  is  joined? 
Does  a  hook  at  the  beginning  of  a  stroke  rest  on  the  base  line? 
At  the  end  of  what  three  strokes  is  "8"  the  same  as  "Sh"? 
How  do  we  distinguish  between  "S"  and  "Sh"  in  these 
places? 


worse 

spindles 

survey 

forces 

verse 

guess 

risk 

vigorous 

paves 

civil 

residence        vigorously 

fuss 

civilize 

rescue 

spout 

does 

fleets 

residue 

surgeon 

sworn 

flats 

resident 

surgery 

swarm 

plots 

risky 

surmise 

vicious 

sleeps 

anxious 

survive 

robs 

ruse 

silk 

survival 

robins 

stress 

select 

prostrate 

cogs 

submerge 

scarf 

pronounce 

crags 

submit 

scarred 

collapse 

sluice 

serve 

scholar 

express 

prosper 

subserve 

scholars 

*sex 

temperance 

subside 

sport 

**sucks 

symbol 

subdue 

ports 

*tax 

pins 

subject 

counts 

**tacks 

caves 

substance 

accounts 

axes 

rulers 

subjugate 

reports 

***access 

apples 

square 

deports 

***accede 

applies 

squawk 

press 

***success 

turkeys 

surmount 

presses 

***succeed 

spin 

surname 

curses 

***successful 

•Use  "X" 

because  it  is 

us*d   in   the 

ordinary  spelling   of 

the  word. 

**Use"Ks" 

because  it  is  so  spelled. 

**ai-es;  use  "X"  for  "ks"  in  these  words,  because  it  ii 
easier;  the  sound  is  the  same. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


133 


spout 

surrender 

such 

dispel 

sprang 

surprise 

sizzle 

disperse 

Spanish 

respect 

suspect 

disburse 

said 

response 

suspense 

disease 

(sed) 

says 

sister 

anxious 

speech 

suds 

cistern 

such 

speechless 

guesses 

substitute 

*chorus 

squirm 

verses 

system 

*Paris 

squirrel 

misses 

sum 

*Morris 

squeal 

caress 

handsome 

Consider  before  consenting.  The  sugar  is  sweet. 
The  monk  wrote  books.  The  cow  eats  hay.  We  must 
move  slowly.  They  sent  a  conductor.  Good  scholars 
succeed.  It  will  be  successful.  Elmira  is  very  con- 
sistent. Accede  to  his  demands.  Thy  mercy  endureth 
forever.  They  worked  very  successfully.  The  shears 
are  very  sharp.  We  buy  berries  every  day.  We  must 
walk  more  slowly.  March  9  is  Ralph 's  birthday.  Papa 
buys  us  nice  toys.  Amanda  may  boil  the  rice.  A  man 
in  France  can  read.  The  information  is  now  accessible. 
Anna  may  have  some  lemonade.  We  found  the  work 
quite  easy.  The  house  has  a  dormer  window. 

These  lamps  make  a  dim  light.  The  sly  fox  caught 
a  goose.  We  saw  the  police  catch  a  thief.  They  ought 
to  own  their  homes.  Tom  Thumb  was  a  very  small 
man.  How  far  can  a  small  mouse  jump?  Can  they 
go  to  the  sea  shore?  I  may  spend  $2.50  for  a  hammock. 
They  spoke  quite  highly  of  his  work.  Watch  the  man 
cut  the  piece  of  iron.  Susan  is  sure  to  like  your  new 
hat.  How  many  needles  did  you  purchase?  They 
may  appoint  a  new  agent  here  soon.  We  have  done 
no  work  since  Thursday. 

We  ought  to  speak  to  him  at  once.  The  boys  who 
went  swimming  were  nearly  drowned.  Do  you  see 
how  well  our  girls  sew?  We  have  heard  from  him 
only  once  since  Thursday.  We  went  to  the  fort  to  see 

*The  "r"  begins  a  new  syllable, 


134 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


the  captains.  What  have  you  done  with  the  bunch 
of  keysT  I  found  the  ring  under  the  carpet  >v'nlc 
sweeping.  Do  you  intend  to  pay  us  a  visit  soon?  A 
party  of  our  young  folks  have  gone  to  Perry.  How 
many  tons  of  coal  do  you  intend  to  order?  The  cat 
was  badly  scared  by  the  bark  of  the  dog.  Mr.  Thomp- 
son is  now  in  need  of  a  watchman  at  the  depot.  What 
are  the  prospects  for  a  wheat  crop?  They  cheered  the 
speech  to  the  echo. 

Reading  Exercises. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.  135 


Js  35' 


__  ^ 


O 


J 
xx 


L 


V 


c 


SO 


°^ 

o  ^--  /O  \^-3tf  o  v^<; 
^1//^?X 


V 


136  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  XXIII. 

QUIZ. — What  is  the  sound  of  "X"?  Name  several  words 
in  which  it  is  easier  to  use  the  "X"  sign  instead  of  "KS"f 
Where  signs  do  not  join  easily  what  should  be  done!  See  foot- 
notes in  Lessons  XI  and  XXL. 

"Sh"  in  the  Form  of  a  Hook. 


mush 

gush 

crush 

punishment 

hush 

gushes 

cushion 

dishful 

brush 

freshet 

dish 

flourish 

fish 

freshman 

dishes 

bishop 

fresh 

blushes 

radish 

militia 

brushes 

rush 

famish 

blush 

flush 

punish 

Enlarged  Hooks. 

At  the  end  of  the  longer  strokes  write  "ST"  exactly 
like  "S",  and  "SHT"  like  "SH",  except  to  make  the 
hook  larger;  it  need  not  be  as  large  as  "D"  or  "J", 
and,  like  the  "S"  hook,  should  not  lengthen  the  stroke. 
(See  Lesson  XXI.) 


less 

gust 

pest 

lapsed 

list 

disgust 

kiss 

vest 

guess 

does 

kissed 

vests 

guest 

dust 

Jess 

soloist 

miss 

duster 

jest 

crush 

mist 

missed 

ness 

crushed 

Bess 

midst 

nest 

dish 

best 

modest 

earnest 

dished 

wish 

saddest 

nests 

stoutest 

wished 

hardest 

exist 

pressed 

blush 

fist 

exists 

cursed 

blushed 

first 

existence 

inst. 

bust 

enlist 

lapse 

instead 

DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND.      137 

Catch  the  big  fish.  Note  the  omission.  Think  well 
first.  Wash  the  radish.  Carl  eats  fish.  Catch  the 
fish.  The  house  collapsed.  The  water  is  fresh.  Do 
you  know  addition?  Nora  is  famished.  The  porter  is 
conscious.  The  machine  was  uncontrollable.  We  have 
promised  nothing.  Be  earnest  and  honest.  Ernest  is 
inconsiderate.  Soap  bubbles  burst.  Buy  a  brush  for 
Edith.  Maidenblush  apples  are  ripe.  Just  a  portion 
was  given  to  him.  What  proportion  did  he  receive? 
I  think  the  pudding  is  delicious. 

The  blue  jay  has  his  faults.  However,  he  is  a  brave 
bird.  He  has  no  fear  of  the  cold  weather.  Long  after 
other  birds  have  gone  to  spend  the  winter  in  a  warmer 
climate,  you  may  see  him  dodging  around  among  the 
bare  trees.  Sometimes  he  does  not  leave  here  all  win- 
ter if  he  can  find  all  he  needs  to  eat.  Even  on  a  cold 
day  if  you  go  far  into  the  woods  it  is  likely  you  may 
see  a  number  of  these  birds  braving  the  storm.  Do 
you  wonder  where  they  go  during  the  cold  night? 
The  blue  jay  must  do  with  light  fare  while  the  winter 
continues.  Now  and  then  he  may  find  a  dried  berry 
on  the  branch  on  which  it  grew,  or  the  tiny  eggs  of 
some  insect  on  the  under  side  of  a  piece  of  bark.  When 
the  spring  sun  begins  to  warm  the  ground,  you  can 
hear  his  noisy  cry.  Even  his  friends  who  went  away 
for  the  winter  now  make  themselves  known  They 
are  here  long  before  the  first  wild  flower  blooms  Mr. 
Pine  Jay  is  ever  dressed  in  grand  style.  His  back  is 
light  purple,  his  wings  and  tail  are  blue.  His  head  is 
white,  his  bill  is  black,  his  eyes  are  brown.  If  his 
manners  were  as  handsome  as  is  his  dress,  how  pretty 
he  would  be!  In  April,  Mr.  Blue  Jay  helps  his  mate 
make  her  nest  among  the  branches  of  some  tree  far  in 
the  woods.  They  work  quite  speedily,  and  in  a  week 
or  so  the  nest  is  done.  The  blue  jay  is  a  thief  and 
even  worse.  He  robs  every  nest  he  can  find.  If  there 
are  eggs  in  it,  he  breaks  and  sucks  them.  If  there  are 
young  birds,  he  tears  them  in  pieces  and  eats  them. 
Ts  it  anv  wonder  he  has  so  few  friends? 


138      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


J   O  -S~2  C  * 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


139 


LESSON  XXIV. 

QUIZ. — In  such  words  as  "dish"  and  "does"  how  is 
"Sh"  distinguished  from  "S"?  In  such  words  as  "list"  and 
' '  best ' '  how  is  the  "  T  "  indicated  t  How  would  "  St "  be  writ- 
ten in  these  words?  How  would  the  "ST"  in  best"  be  dis- 
tinguished from  "J"?  Does  an  enlarged  hook  add  anything  to 
the  length  of  the  stroke  to  which  it  is  joined! 

Sometimes  "SHT"  is  used  for  "ST"  because  easier: 


cast 

cost 

coast 

coaster 

request 

question 


faced 
raced 
roast 
ghost 
aghast 


In  common  words,  "sh"  will  suggest  "tion"  (sion) 
or"ation":   action    station 


application 

exhibition 

permission  . 

prediction 

degradation 

suspicion 

missionary 

pronunciation 

stationer 

omission 

notation 

construction 

stationery 

addition 

quotation 

fiction 

prostration 

perforation 

citation 

friction 

depredation 

edification 

portion 

dimension 

radiation 

ovation 

physician 

expression 

oration 

additional 

mission 

collection 

numeration 

proposition 

submission 

correction 

expectation 

prohibition 

succession 

administration 

occasion 

collision 

decision 

transportation 

connection 

improvision 

selection 

confederation 

occasional 

recreation 

ambition 

dedication 

moderation 

promotion 

creation 

140 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


Note : — According  to  the  suggestion  in  Lesson  VIII., 
"S"  is  lengthened  to  add  "T"  if  the  "T"  comes  ia 
the  same  syllable.  Otherwise  the  ordinary  form  of  the 
"S"  is  used.  Thus: 

state     estate     stir     Esther     stop     estop 


estrange 
stray 
estray 
stir 
Esther 
hesitation 

hesitancy 
stop 
estop 
stab 
estab-(lish) 
estimate 

estimation 
story 
hysteria 
history 
historical 
hysterical 

cx 

state 

estate 

hesitate 

steam 

esteem 

strange 

We  predict  disaster.  He  runs  very  fast.  I  like 
roast  beef.  He  has  gone  astray.  What  did  the  furnace 
cost?  She  was  quite  hysterical.  He  is  very  ambitious. 
He  is  an  outcast.  The  cork  was  lost.  The  star  is  in 
the  western  sky.  Do  you  know  addition?  The  physi- 
cian was  there.  How  fast  can  you  run?  The  physician 
is  here  now.  Did  you  notice  the  omission?  I  have 
joined  the  confederation.  What  prediction  has  he 
made?  Frederick  can  report  the  convention.  The 
frost  has  killed  our  plants.  Did  you  ever  see  a  ghost? 
He  is  held  in  great  esteem.  Esther  will  stir  up  the 
animals.  He  is  a  missionary  in  Africa.  They  gave  him 
quite  an  ovation. 

I  lost  the  remainder  of  the  money.  He  tossed  the 
crumbs  to  the  birds.  He  has  gone  to  the  Pacific  coast. 
I  have  made  application  for  the  position.  I  will  go 
to  the  station  immediately.  What  is  his  decision  in 
the  matter?  He  is  a  great  reader  of  fiction.  What 
are  the  dimensions  of  this  car?  He  has  gone  to  the 
country  for  recreation.  What  do  you  think  of  the 
present  administration?  Did  he  hesitate  to  speak  of 
the  estate?  The  strange  man  became  estranged  from 
his  friends.  There  was  much  friction  between  the  tAvo 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


141 


men.  He  made  a  quotation  from  the  Senator's  speech. 
I  have  no  hesitancy  in  recommending  it  to  you.  I 
have  given  him  permission  to  go  with  you. 

The  construction  of  the  new  building  is  progressing 
rapidly.  What  portion  of  the  plot  is  to  belong  to  you? 
What  is  your  estimate  of  the  cost  of  this  undertaking? 
I  have  lost  the  money  my  father  gave  me  last  week. 
What  is  the  state  of  the  estate  at  the  present  time? 
There  was  a  collision  between  an  automobile  and  a 
street  car.  The  story  of  Washington  is  an  important 
part  of  the  history  of  our  country. 

Reading  Exercises. 


142      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


143 


LESSON  XXV. 

QUIZ.—  When  may  "Sht"  be  used  for  "St"f  What  will 
suggest  "tion"  or  "ation"  in  common  words?  When  would 
not  "S"  be  enlarged  to  indicate  a  "T"  immediately  follow- 
ing-? Why  not  enlarge  "K"  to  add  "T"  in  such  words  as 
"collection",  "prediction",  "selection"? 

In  joining  "S"  to  circles  use  the  "first  S",  thus: 
<r  •*  except  when  this  does  not  conform  to  the  motion 
of  the  other  signs,  in  which  case  use  the  second  form, 
thus:  e,  v*  (like  "D"  or  "J"—  right  ward.) 


V 


iJut: 


After  studying  the  above  examples,  carefully  write 
the  following  exercises  : 


say 

safely 

mace 

alas 

sane 

south 

amazement 

endorse 

insane 

sour 

mass 

fuse 

saw 

soft 

masses 

confuse 

sake 

sauce 

moss 

profuse 

forsake 

saucer 

base 

use 

sack 

saucy 

bases 

uses 

sock 

sausage 

basin 

usage 

sat 

sassafras 

bass 

news 

satin 

sacerdotal 

gas 

muse 

sot 

assassin 

gases 

spasm 

sought 

case 

grass 

transpose 

sad 

craze 

grows 

compose 

sadly 

crazy 

grocer 

impossible 

saddle 

cozy 

days 

produce 

sod 

face 

daisy 

sirloin 

sodder 

phrase 

drays 

conduce 

sawed 

froze 

ways 

propose 

safe 

facile 

lace 

endorsement 

144 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 


proposition 

esophagus 

surpass 

musical 

transfuse 

praise 

dazzle 

sag 

praises 

castle 

sap 

place 

tassel 

sop 

plaster 

grace 

Aesop 

places 

graceful 

Sam 

passage 

glass 

sob 

jays 

glaze 

sage 

chase 

blaze 

osage 

chases 

gloss 

sale 

chasten 

inducement 

Sal 

chosen 

sound 

wholesale 

adjacent 

pace 

solitary 

raise 

absorb 

satchel 

raises 

gazelle 

resound 

trace 

Brazil 

zigzag 

heroes 

sacrifice 

pass 

toss 

tosses 

toes 

those 

rows 

sapling 

usual 

(usl) 
*  unusual 
Castile 
horse 
Horace 
Morse 
Morris 
parse 
Paris 
carcass 
sorghum 
sorry  (s-or-e) 

Run  a  race.  The  water  froze.  Carpenters  saw 
boards.  Glass  is  brittle.  We  sat  down.  Use  carbon 
paper.  Pass  the  butter.  Toss  the  ball.  Myrtle  sat  up. 
Roscoe  rents  houses.  Raise  the  shortage.  Amanda  is 
very  musical.  The  rose  is  sweet.  Pocahontas  was 
Powhattan's  daughter.  Read  the  gas  meter.  Pay 
your  gas  bill.  We  passed  the  station.  Jasper  is  con- 
stantly proposing.  The  two  firms  consolidated.  Maud 
is  very  graceful.  Albert  is  chasing  butterflies. 

Amanda  broke  her  saucer.  The  vinegar  is  sour.  The 
storm  rose  suddenly.  I  saw  most  of  them.  Add  the 
column  of  figures.  Bring  us  no  bad  news.  Acknowl- 
edge receipt  of  the  money.  The  soft  water  is  scarce. 
Our  cow  ate  some  grass.  T  heard  a  queer  sound.  The 
horse  may  run  away.  The  assassin  ate  the  sansau:". 
Can  you  write  zigzag  lines?  Joseph  might  trace  the 
package.  They  bought  the  adjacent  property.  Thomas 
may  mash  his  thumb.  Susan  ate  some  soft  apples.  The 


*Write  the  "usual"  as  it   would   be   written   alone,- 
ning  at  the  end  of  the  "un". 


-begin 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND      145 

flower  absorbs  the  ink.  Abe  reads  the  daily  newspaper. 
The  horse  ran  a  race.  A  dog  may  chase  a  rat.  The 
lady  sang  a  sweet  song.  Jenny  tried  to  amuse  the 
baby.  Have  you  ever  seen  a  castle?  How  many 
samples  did  you  buy?  The  cat  is  chasing  the  bird. 
What  proposition  has  he  made  to  you?  The  saucy 
child  amused  the  passengers. 

He  prophesied  this  same  prophesy.  Rollo  forgot  to 
bring  the  satchel.  Oliver  might  amuse  Nora  and  Dora. 
He  comes  every  day  with  radishes.  The  waiter  applied 
for  the  position.  The  dog  might  chase  the  cat.  Have 
you  ever  read  Aesop's  fables?  What  did  she  pay  for 
the  satchel?  What  proposition  was  made  you?  The 
gas  range  is  in  the  shop.  He  is  very  precise  in  his 
speech.  We  expect  to  go  to  Boston  soon.  The  gray 
cat  sat  near  the  fire.  We  desire  to  thoroughly  satisfy 
all  concerned.  We  know  the  cause  of  his  failure.  The 
water  froze  and  is  now  ice.  Joe  saw  the  sparrow  in 
the  barn.  How  many  crows  are  in  the  barn?  How 
large  a  bird  is  the  sparrow? 

Did  you  observe  the  work  of  those  men?  Our  regu- 
lar terms  to  dealers  are  30  days.  Mr.  Skinner  bought 
the  goods  at  wholesale  prices.  The  bad  man  slapped 
him  on  the  face.  T  was  glad  to  introduce  the  noted 
speaker.  Would  you  please  buy  a  gross  of  pencils?  I 
saw  a  man  riding  down  the  lane  today.  My  saucy 
sister  filled  the  saucer  with  plaster  paris.  Mabel 
grieved  over  the  loss  of  her  pet  kitten.  Henry  intends 
to  cross  the  creek  down  at  the  ford.  Do  you  see  the 
box  of  matches  in  the  safe?  The  products  are  now  on 
exhibition  at  the  exposition.  Do  you  know  what  is 
the  wholesale  price  of  the  articles?  The  place  on  the 
program  was  taken  by  the  new  pastor.  He  says  he 
will  not  submit  to  the  rule  of  the  czar.  The  auditor 
was  very  radical  in  his  views.  He  is  selling  the  goods 
at  the  lowest  possible  prices.  He  might  stab  the  man 
who  was  in  possession  of  that  establishment. 


146      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 

Messrs.  Carl  Porter  &  Co., 

Columbus  Colony,  Colo 
Dear  Sirs: 

We  enclose  you  herewith  for  collection  an  account 
against  Conrad  Carter,  of  Wheeling,  West  Virginia, 
for  a  carload  of  corn.  This  account,  amounting  to 
$61.32,  is  now  considerably  more  than  eight  months 
past  due.  Mr.  Carter  has  been  constantly  promising 
to  pay  this  account  if  we  would  wait  upon  him  in- 
definitely or  allow  him  a  discount  of  5%.  We  cannot 
consent  to  any  such  arrangement  and  must  insist  that 
he  proceed  immediately  to  make  settlement  in  accord- 
ance with  his  agreement  in  the  beginning.  Please  take 
such  steps  as  you  regard  necessary  or  advisable  to 
bring  the  matter  to  a  prompt  adjustment.  Kindly 
acknowledge  receipt  of  this  communication,  and  oblige 

Cordially  yours, 
Col.  Conrad  Carter, 

Columbia  Junction,  Conn. 
My  dear  Sir: 

Considering  the  condition  of  things  now,  you  must 
concede  that  it  would  certainly  be  the  proper  course 
to  pursue  to  require  a  daily  report  of  all  transactions 
concerning  this  account.  We  have  encountered  all 
sorts  of  protests  as  to  the  quality  of  the  material  used 
in  the  production  of  this  carpet.  We  cannot  reproduce 
them  all,  as  we  must  proceed  prudently,  and  at  present 
we  have  not  sufficient  proof  to  convince  Mr.  Karlan 
of  the  correctness  of  the  collections. 

Please  produce  immediately  a  report  of  the  progress 
that  has  been  made  in  procuring  the  necessary  quantity 
within  the  boundaries  of  this  county. 

We  propose  to  call  on  them  promptly  for  whatever 
information  they  may  possess  concerning  this  concert. 
The  cornet  specialist  will  entertain  the  prodigal,  as 
well  as  the  members  of  the  colonies,  with  the  most 
exquisite  music.  We  trust  you  will  confer  with  your 
promotion  committee  and  proceed  to  make  your  plans 
to  enjoy  the  entire  course  of  lectures. 
Cordially  yours, 


GU*JUyy  V<L' 

DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND  147 


y>  c  Y^ 


«_,  x  <-c  C 


C 


d 


y 

/ 

c 


^ 


o  . 


o^/°-1M 
s    c 


148      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


_Q 


J 
^^\ 


(2x^0 


Q_  p 


>  x  I 


v.  V 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND  149 


L 


V' 


X 


XI 


/2 


xx 


150      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


\J 


-v; 


xo 


^r  /  x  ~-, 


.Vx  o  G ^> 


& 


0\*^\  ' 


"> 


f 

^v_  w^'xv  k 


a  6  ^  <?  n  -/  s^  v^^«  vt  V:> 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND  151 


-^  O-o    X        y. 


152  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


^i . 

— 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND      153 


"^» 


C-v 


O  Q ? 


Xlo? 


I     '*^ 

:,V  ^ 


O  <  V.  ^   o 


I      /  X 


/  X  O  \ 


.   1   Q.  O 

L/ 


< 


J 


^ 


154  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 

GENERAL  PRINCIPLES. 
I. 

1.  For  "C"  use  "S"  when  the  sound  is  the  same  as. 
"S",  as  in  "peace"  and  "K"  when  it  has  that  sound, 
as  in  "coat." 

2.  The  "H"  dot  is  never  joined,  while  the  long  "a" 
dot  is  always  joined. 

3.  For  the  initial  "A"  the  short  "a"  is  used,  to 
avoid  confusion  with  "H". 

4.  As  there  are  no  signs  for  "C",  "Q"  and  "Y", 
these,  when  used  as  initials,  are  written,  as  they  are 
ordinarily  pronounced:     1      (see)   for  "C";     /^ 
(cue)  for  "Q";     -y,     (wy)  for  "Y". 

5.  "Qu"  always  has  the  sound  of  "KW",  and  is 
so  written;      / 

6.  "Y"  at  the  beginning  of  a  syllable,  as  in  "yet", 
"yacht",  "lawyer",  has  the  sound  of  long  "e",  and 
is  so  written;  at  the  end  of  a  syllable  it  is  the  same 
as   long   "i",    (as    in   "my"),   or   short   "i"    (as   in 
"Amy"). 

7.  A  dot  over  "S"  makes  "Z";  a  dot  over  ';Sh'r 
makes  "Zh".     (See  Lesson  VIT.)      A    O    c          b 

II. 

8.  Use  the  ordinary  punctuation  marks,  except  that 
for  the  period  use    X      (Semi-colon  may  be  indicated 
by  leaving  more  space  between  words.)    An  additional 
period  shows  the  end  of  a  paragraph. 

9.  To  show  that  a  word  is  to  be  capitalized  (that  is,. 
to  be  commenced  with  a  capital  letter)  write      ^ 
under  it;  lengthen  this  sign  to  extend  under  severat 
adjoining  words  to  be  capitalized  :      v  -----  ^ 

10.  To  show  that  a  word  is  to  be  typewritten  in 
capitals  (every  letter  a  capital)  write   "•__r^-.  —  •=*~'_ 
under  it. 


11.  A  wave  line    «~w*~      is  used  for  the  dash  and 
underscore. 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND. 

12.  Under  a  figure  a  straight  horizontal  line  adds 
"th",  "rd",  "st".  ate.:  __%  third; J^  second j  49  forty- 
ninth  ;  21  twenty-first. 

13.  Under  a  word,  a  straight  horizontal  line  shows 
that  the  word  is  to  be  repeated  •>      _0  See!  See ! 

^    Alas !  Alas  r  Alas  I       2-x         side  by  side ; 
Q~ —     over  and  over;     ~^v^      ^rom  time  to  time. 
III. 

14.  Indicate   v'ing"   or   "thing"   by   writing  a  dot 
under   and  close  to   the   end   of  the   preceding  sign. 
When   convenient,  begin  the  next  sign  at  this  point 
instead   of   using   the   dot.     As   a   rule,   "ings"   and 
*' things"  may  be  indicated  in  the  same  way, — or  S" 
may    be    written:       j/^      eating;    —f-N       wading; 

L    brings;     v>>v-^      savings;      _^/v     nothing  is; 

O^      all  things  are  ;  S~~'~~^~  kingdom ; /"^ 

Wellington. 

15.  Indicate  "er"  by  shading  the  sign  just  before 
the  "er" — if  it  is  in  the  same  syllable,  or  if,  by  shad- 
ing, two  or  more  syllables  can  be  written  with  a  con- 
tinuous  stroke.      (This   applies   to   everything  but   a 

dot.)     Example:   I^^Ber-t;  L^  bur-n;   P-N    bir-d; 
Y^     la-borj^Tl^  scab-bar-d;     J       br-ay,-   £"" 

exer-tion;  f*/   exter-nal.     (See  Lesson  V.) 

16.  Indicate  "T"  by  lengthening  the  sign  just  be- 
fore the  "T"— if  it  is  in  the  same  syllable.     When 
lengthened,    the    sign    is    exactly    the    same   shape, — 

simply  larger.      F  ~^       Ft~^       P    V^     PtV. 

D   /--N      Dt  ,- s      (See  Lesson  VIII.)     In  common* 

words  lengthen  for^T"    to  suggest    "D":      waitet 
(waited)  :        —*^ 


156 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


17.  Indicate  "L"  in  the  same  way  as  "T"  except 
to  enlarge  the  sign  more  than  for  "T":     F    "^ 


Ft 


Fl 


B 


Bt 


Bl 


D 


(See  Lessoa  VIII.) 

18.  Indicate  long  "e"  (when  easier  or  more  legible) 
by  lifting  the  pencil,  going  back  along  the  stroke  just 
written,  and  commencing  the  next  sign  so  as  to  leave 
a  piece  of  the  first  sign  projecting  beyond  the  joining 

point:   -r     -/    V^^T^  **  ^  (See  Lesson  XV.) 


19.  Indicate  long 


(when  easier  or  more  legible) 


ty  lifting  the  pencil  and  beginning  the  next  sign  so 
as  to  leave  a  piece  of  the  second  sign  projecting  be- 
yond the  joining  point : 
(See  Lesson  XV.) 

IV. 

20.  Each  syllable  is  written  as  though  it  were  an 
entire  word,  the  syllables  being  simply  joined  in  writ- 
ing. The  more  readily  you  recognize  the  syllable  di- 
vision of  words,  and  the  more  closely  you  adhere  to 
this  rule,  the  more  easily  and  rapidly  will  you  write 
Shorthand,  and  the  more  readily  will  you  read  it. 
side 
in-side 
be-side 

(not  Lbes-ide) 
de-cide 

(not/^dec-ide) 
re-side 
serve 
ob-serve 

(not  l^obs-erve) 
de-serve 
(notx-^des-erve) 


des-ire) 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND      157 


/" 


2    size  <x*"  Es-ther 

exer-cise  C  stir 

pre-cise  cXi   es-tab(lish) 


(\ 
T 


stab 


debt-or  s-p  dis-ease 

e-f  ect  x~  ^  de-cease 

ef-i-nite  de-scribe 


,^*       x-rfe-f  ect  x~       de-cease 

x->^>»    d 


One  advantage  of  this  system  is  that  the  shorten- 
ing up  of  outlines  is  not  merely  arbitrary,  but  is  ac- 
cording to  a  systematic  method.  As  the  student  be- 
comes more  familiar  with  the  Shorthand  he  may  ab- 
breviate more  and  more,  just  as  he  would  do  in  long- 
hand with  familiar  terms;  and  these  contracted  forms 
are  legible  to  anyone  writing  the  system,  even  though 
he  does  not  use  the  contractions  in  his  own  notes. 

21.  Use  abbreviations  commonly  used  in  longhand: 


\      (Mo.)   for  Missouri  or  month;  (Chg.) 

cha 
lustration;        -         (No.)  for  number;         /         (Co.) 


for  charge  or  Chicago;  f    (III.)  for  Illinois  or  il- 

for 

for   company;  (sub.)    subject,   subscription; 

/     (sug.)  suggest;     rf"X^^     (adv.)  advertise  (  ment)  ; 
I/"  (bet.)  between. 

22.  Write  just  so  much  of  a  word,  as  is  necessary  to 
show  plainly  what  is  intended  :      (          exper(ience)  ,- 

"X^^        ev(ident)  ;         ^>        situratHVn4  ;  J**& 
enthus(iasm)  ;     "v-^a       edu(cate)  ;    /  o'cl(ock). 

23.  Abbreviations  are  sometimes  formed,  as  in  long- 
hand, by  dropping  the  first  syllable  or  sign  of  a  word: 

advise;     "^-^      advance;      £^e    reSre^t 
request;     f       J     require;  f        because; 

descri!)e;        ^       remain;      ^^^        entirely; 


158      DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 

begin  ;  J  elbow  ;         J        element. 

24.  Short  "e,"  "i,'r  and  "u"  are  usuaHy  omitted 
in  the  middle  of  wojds:     __^~\      wed;    X\^_     tip; 

V->     mud;    *>  —      took. 

25.  Words    which    naturally    belong-   together    may 
often  be  joined  in  writing   (phrased,  it  is  called)   to 
advantage  ;  but  do  so  only  when  the  words  join  easily  r 

£  —  ^       I  do  ;       '  I  will  ;     / 

I  will  bes*      ^  -  g       You  will  see  (thr)at; 

enclose  you  herewith  ;      ^-^.-_ 

J 
fc^       if    ou  have  not          c~i 


We  enclose  you  herewith  ; 

J 
in  (a)  few  days;          fc^       if  you  have  not;         c~i 


some  (time)  ago;  ^      in  regard  to;     <x  at 

once.      See  also  paragraph  (t),  page  15. 

26.  In  common  phrases  the  first  soundsign  of  a  word 
will  often  suggest  the  word:          s-s       D(ear)  S(ir)  ; 

4?^    You(rs)  t(ruly)  ,-     ,  _  9    win  s(ay)- 
that;  I      by-any-m(ean)s;          L^V,     by-no- 

m(ean)s;  J       by-all-m(ean)s;        I 

m(eans)-of;   a—  —  -  ^you-wfll-f  (ind")  ; 
to-hear-f(ro«i)-you;     <x     as-much;          r          so-mtich. 

27.  Such  words  as  "to",  "the^,  4<of^  "be",  etc., 
may  often  be  omitted,  when  the  sense  of  the  sentence 

will  supply  them  :—.    we-beg-(  to)  -say-that; 

* 

in  regard  (to)  the  matter;  p  at(the)  present 

VJ 

time;   v^      in  (the)  meantime, 


DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 
VI. 


159 


A  nnmber  of  complete  words  are  indicatedarbitrari- 
ly  by  single  soundsigns,  or  combinations  of  soundsigns 
not  complete  words.  These  are  called 


WORDSIGNS. 

K    /^ 

look 
quite 

V       „ 

very 

^^^ 

like 

,-— 

D       /^> 

do 

KL  /XX 

close 

J        v^/ 

just 

no 

JL  . 

--"general 

N     y 

know 

known 

W       _ 

with 

NT         ./ 

not 

would 

— 

/ 

Ch      ^x 

which 

NL    ^/ 

knowledge 

S         /S 

was 

T      ^ 

to 

S         cy 

is 

ime       j 

time 

Sh        ^ 

sure 

AlP 

should 

F      "^ 

far 

Sht       D 

short 

P        ^ 

up 

Shi       ^) 

shall 

L     J 

long 
length 

*           ^ 

ever 
every 

1         r 

if 

i                r 

Jj. 

es         -^ 

else 

r-t    r 

it.*  r 

it 
it  would 

en         j 

any 
go 

s- 

Q          / 

gone 

,«  / 

it  will 

good 

160  DOUGHERTY'S  SHORTHAND 


GT     / 

great 

la 

4 

I  am 

GL    / 

glad 

un 

\ 

on 

e 

i 

me 

M 

most 

\ 

must 

0 

_  A 

a 

at 

as 

MG     \ 

among 

o 

has 
have 

Mr       ^ 

many 
money 

V 

0 

O 

of 

B          • 

by 

aw 

0 

all 

I 

been 

thr 

then- 

?            / 

mv 

there 

to  the 


- 0. 


01  CAJL.il'  UK*ii* 

AT 

LOS  ANGELES 
LIBRARY 


JE80WH 


00056497; 


B.  0.  BAKER 
LAWYER 

DALLAS 


Z56 
D74m 


